Caste-Based Politics: Parties often distribute tickets and seek votes on caste lines. Social Division: Caste favoritism causes divisions and weakens democracy. Example: Many elections see caste-based voting patterns, especially in states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Result: Focus shifts from develoRead more
Caste-Based Politics: Parties often distribute tickets and seek votes on caste lines.
Social Division: Caste favoritism causes divisions and weakens democracy.
Example: Many elections see caste-based voting patterns, especially in states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
Result: Focus shifts from development to caste interests, reducing efficiency and promoting inequality.
Democracy stands superior to other forms of government because it ensures people’s participation, equality, freedom and accountability. It represents the will of the people and protects their fundamental rights. Freedom of Expression: Citizens can freely express opinions and criticize government actRead more
Democracy stands superior to other forms of government because it ensures people’s participation, equality, freedom and accountability. It represents the will of the people and protects their fundamental rights.
Freedom of Expression: Citizens can freely express opinions and criticize government actions.
Equality and Respect: Every person is treated equally regardless of caste, religion or gender.
Right to Choose: People elect their representatives and can change them through elections.
Protection of Rights: Fundamental rights safeguard individual liberty and dignity, making democracy a superior system.
Representation of People: Political parties link citizens to the government. They voice public demands and work to convert people’s needs into government policies and laws. Organization of Elections: Parties nominate candidates, conduct campaigns and help voters choose among different policies and pRead more
Representation of People:
Political parties link citizens to the government. They voice public demands and work to convert people’s needs into government policies and laws.
Organization of Elections:
Parties nominate candidates, conduct campaigns and help voters choose among different policies and programs. This makes elections organized and meaningful.
Formation and Operation of Government:
The party or coalition that wins the majority forms the government, ensuring smooth administration and policy implementation.
Constructive Opposition:
Opposition parties keep a check on the ruling government by questioning its actions and exposing misuse of power, thus maintaining accountability.
Political Education and Awareness:
Parties help citizens understand political issues, democratic rights and government functions. This strengthens people’s participation and sustains democracy.
Lack of Internal Democracy: Most political parties are dominated by top leaders. Ordinary members have little voice in decision-making and internal elections are often not held, which weakens democratic spirit within the party. Dynastic Succession: Leadership in many parties is passed on within a siRead more
Lack of Internal Democracy:
Most political parties are dominated by top leaders. Ordinary members have little voice in decision-making and internal elections are often not held, which weakens democratic spirit within the party.
Dynastic Succession:
Leadership in many parties is passed on within a single family. This discourages capable and deserving members from rising, creating unfair control and reducing merit-based leadership.
Use of Money and Muscle Power:
During elections, parties depend heavily on money and influence to gain votes. This promotes corruption and gives advantage to wealthy candidates.
Low Representation of Women:
Women are still underrepresented in party leadership and candidate selection, which limits gender equality and true representation.
Declining Public Trust:
Due to corruption, unfulfilled promises and lack of transparency, people lose confidence in political parties, weakening democratic participation.
ANSWER: 28. 1 (a) The Tamils demanded that their language, Tamil, be recognised as one of the official languages of Sri Lanka. (b) They wanted regional autonomy in Tamil-majority areas. (c) They also sought equality of opportunities in securing education and government jobs to end discrimination andRead more
ANSWER: 28. 1 (a) The Tamils demanded that their language, Tamil, be recognised as one of the official languages of Sri Lanka.
(b) They wanted regional autonomy in Tamil-majority areas.
(c) They also sought equality of opportunities in securing education and government jobs to end discrimination and ensure fair representation.
2 The Majoritarian Government in Sri Lanka created deep distrust between the Tamil and Sinhala communities, which finally led to a long civil war. Thousands of people from both groups were killed and many families were forced to leave their homes and settle abroad as refugees.
3 (a) Equal Representation at the Centre:
The Belgian Constitution prescribed that the number of Dutch-speaking and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require majority support from both linguistic groups, preventing unilateral decisions.
(b) Distribution of Powers:
Many powers of the central government were given to the state governments of the two regions. These state governments are not subordinate to the central government, ensuring balance and autonomy.
Mention the problem of casteism in Indian politics. Explain with examples.
Caste-Based Politics: Parties often distribute tickets and seek votes on caste lines. Social Division: Caste favoritism causes divisions and weakens democracy. Example: Many elections see caste-based voting patterns, especially in states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Result: Focus shifts from develoRead more
Caste-Based Politics: Parties often distribute tickets and seek votes on caste lines.
Social Division: Caste favoritism causes divisions and weakens democracy.
Example: Many elections see caste-based voting patterns, especially in states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh.
Result: Focus shifts from development to caste interests, reducing efficiency and promoting inequality.
See less“Democracy stands much superior to any other form of government in promoting dignity and freedom of the individual”. Justify this statement.
Democracy stands superior to other forms of government because it ensures people’s participation, equality, freedom and accountability. It represents the will of the people and protects their fundamental rights. Freedom of Expression: Citizens can freely express opinions and criticize government actRead more
Democracy stands superior to other forms of government because it ensures people’s participation, equality, freedom and accountability. It represents the will of the people and protects their fundamental rights.
Freedom of Expression: Citizens can freely express opinions and criticize government actions.
Equality and Respect: Every person is treated equally regardless of caste, religion or gender.
Right to Choose: People elect their representatives and can change them through elections.
Protection of Rights: Fundamental rights safeguard individual liberty and dignity, making democracy a superior system.
See less‘Political parties are indispensable for a functioning democracy’. Analyse the statement.
Representation of People: Political parties link citizens to the government. They voice public demands and work to convert people’s needs into government policies and laws. Organization of Elections: Parties nominate candidates, conduct campaigns and help voters choose among different policies and pRead more
Representation of People:
Political parties link citizens to the government. They voice public demands and work to convert people’s needs into government policies and laws.
Organization of Elections:
Parties nominate candidates, conduct campaigns and help voters choose among different policies and programs. This makes elections organized and meaningful.
Formation and Operation of Government:
The party or coalition that wins the majority forms the government, ensuring smooth administration and policy implementation.
Constructive Opposition:
Opposition parties keep a check on the ruling government by questioning its actions and exposing misuse of power, thus maintaining accountability.
Political Education and Awareness:
See lessParties help citizens understand political issues, democratic rights and government functions. This strengthens people’s participation and sustains democracy.
“There are many challenges faced by political parties in India”. Explain.
Lack of Internal Democracy: Most political parties are dominated by top leaders. Ordinary members have little voice in decision-making and internal elections are often not held, which weakens democratic spirit within the party. Dynastic Succession: Leadership in many parties is passed on within a siRead more
Lack of Internal Democracy:
Most political parties are dominated by top leaders. Ordinary members have little voice in decision-making and internal elections are often not held, which weakens democratic spirit within the party.
Dynastic Succession:
Leadership in many parties is passed on within a single family. This discourages capable and deserving members from rising, creating unfair control and reducing merit-based leadership.
Use of Money and Muscle Power:
During elections, parties depend heavily on money and influence to gain votes. This promotes corruption and gives advantage to wealthy candidates.
Low Representation of Women:
Women are still underrepresented in party leadership and candidate selection, which limits gender equality and true representation.
Declining Public Trust:
See lessDue to corruption, unfulfilled promises and lack of transparency, people lose confidence in political parties, weakening democratic participation.
Read the given text and answer the following questions: Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of MAJORITARIAN measures to establish Sinhala supremacy. Over the years, it created feelings of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils. They felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders was sensitive to their language and culture. As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained over time. On the other hand, the Belgian leaders took a different path. They recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. Between 1970 and 1993, they amended their constitution four times to work out an arrangement that would enable everyone to live together within the same country. 28. 1 State any two demands of Tamils in Sri Lanka. 28. 2 State the results of the Majoritarian Government in Sri Lanka. 28. 3 Explain any two provisions of the Belgian model of power sharing.
ANSWER: 28. 1 (a) The Tamils demanded that their language, Tamil, be recognised as one of the official languages of Sri Lanka. (b) They wanted regional autonomy in Tamil-majority areas. (c) They also sought equality of opportunities in securing education and government jobs to end discrimination andRead more
ANSWER: 28. 1 (a) The Tamils demanded that their language, Tamil, be recognised as one of the official languages of Sri Lanka.
(b) They wanted regional autonomy in Tamil-majority areas.
(c) They also sought equality of opportunities in securing education and government jobs to end discrimination and ensure fair representation.
The Belgian Constitution prescribed that the number of Dutch-speaking and French-speaking ministers shall be equal in the central government. Some special laws require majority support from both linguistic groups, preventing unilateral decisions.
(b) Distribution of Powers:
Many powers of the central government were given to the state governments of the two regions. These state governments are not subordinate to the central government, ensuring balance and autonomy.
See less