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How many foot soldiers were under a ‘Naik’ in the Maratha infantry? (A) 15 (B) 25 (C) 9 (D) 3
In the Maratha infantry, the smallest unit was commanded by a Naik, who oversaw 9 foot soldiers. The infantry followed a precise decimal system: ten Naiks were under a Havaldar (commanding 50 soldiers) and two or three Havaldars were under a Jumledar. This disciplined, hierarchical structure made thRead more
In the Maratha infantry, the smallest unit was commanded by a Naik, who oversaw 9 foot soldiers. The infantry followed a precise decimal system: ten Naiks were under a Havaldar (commanding 50 soldiers) and two or three Havaldars were under a Jumledar. This disciplined, hierarchical structure made the infantry effective, especially in defensive warfare, siege operations and controlling the mountainous terrain where they utilized their local knowledge.
See lessThe treaty of 1719 between the Mughals and the Marathas was called the ‘Magna Carta of the Maratha Empire’ by Richard Temple. On whose behalf did Balaji Vishwanath and the Sayyid brothers sign this treaty?
The Treaty of 1719 was formally signed between Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath (representing Chhatrapati Shahu) and the Sayyid Brothers (representing the short-lived Mughal Emperor Rafi-ud-Darajat). The treaty was a political masterstroke for the Marathas: in exchange for providing military aid to the SayyRead more
The Treaty of 1719 was formally signed between Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath (representing Chhatrapati Shahu) and the Sayyid Brothers (representing the short-lived Mughal Emperor Rafi-ud-Darajat). The treaty was a political masterstroke for the Marathas: in exchange for providing military aid to the Sayyid Brothers, the Marathas received the official Mughal farman legalizing their collection of Chauth and Sardeshmukhi over the six Deccan provinces. This Mughal sanction gave the Marathas undisputed legal supremacy in the Deccan, leading Richard Temple to call it the ‘Magna Carta’ of the Maratha state.
See lessWhich treaty formally ended the First Anglo-Maratha War and recognized Madhav Rao II as the Peshwa under British protection?
The Treaty of Salbai (1782), mediated by Mahadji Scindia, was a diplomatic victory for the Marathas. Crucially, the British agreed to abandon their protégé Raghunath Rao (who was pensioned off) and formally recognize Madhav Rao II as the rightful Peshwa. While the British retained the strategicallyRead more
The Treaty of Salbai (1782), mediated by Mahadji Scindia, was a diplomatic victory for the Marathas. Crucially, the British agreed to abandon their protégé Raghunath Rao (who was pensioned off) and formally recognize Madhav Rao II as the rightful Peshwa. While the British retained the strategically important island of Salsette, the treaty restored most territories conquered since the Treaty of Purandar back to the Marathas. It established a 20-year peace (until 1802), which allowed the British to concentrate on neutralising Hyder Ali of Mysore, who had been an ally of the Marathas
See lessAfter Shivaji, who became the second Chhatrapati and the second Peshwa respectively?
After Shivaji, his son Shambhaji became the second Chhatrapati following a brief succession struggle. Shambhaji was highly suspicious of the traditional Maratha ministers (Ashtapradhan) and chose to elevate his trusted Brahmin friend, Kavi Kalash, to the position of chief advisor (often cited as theRead more
After Shivaji, his son Shambhaji became the second Chhatrapati following a brief succession struggle. Shambhaji was highly suspicious of the traditional Maratha ministers (Ashtapradhan) and chose to elevate his trusted Brahmin friend, Kavi Kalash, to the position of chief advisor (often cited as the second effective Peshwa). Kavi Kalash, despite his lack of administrative experience, was given supreme power, effectively bypassing the traditional Maratha administration and contributing to friction between Shambhaji and the established Maratha nobility.
See lessThe reign of which Maratha ruler is known as the reign of the Peshwas?
The reign of Chhatrapati Shahu I (1707–1749) is widely recognized as the period when the Peshwas truly ascended to power. Upon his release from Mughal captivity, Shahu relied heavily on his capable Peshwas, Balaji Vishwanath and Bajirao I, to manage the state and conduct military expansion. . Shahu'Read more
The reign of Chhatrapati Shahu I (1707–1749) is widely recognized as the period when the Peshwas truly ascended to power. Upon his release from Mughal captivity, Shahu relied heavily on his capable Peshwas, Balaji Vishwanath and Bajirao I, to manage the state and conduct military expansion. . Shahu’s generous delegation of authority meant that while he retained the nominal title, the real power and administrative capital shifted from the Chhatrapati at Satara to the Peshwa at Pune, ushering in the era of Peshwa dominance.
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