1. Sameer is suffering from diabetes mellitus, a disease in which blood sugar levels remain high due to insufficient production or improper utilization of insulin hormone. Insulin, secreted by the β-cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, helps regulate glucose levels by converting excess suRead more

    Sameer is suffering from diabetes mellitus, a disease in which blood sugar levels remain high due to insufficient production or improper utilization of insulin hormone. Insulin, secreted by the β-cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, helps regulate glucose levels by converting excess sugar into glycogen. Lack of insulin leads to increased glucose in the blood and urine. Reducing sugar intake and regular exercise help maintain healthy blood glucose levels and control the effects of diabetes.

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  2. (a) Sperm formation will be adversely affected because it requires a lower temperature than the body temperature. (b) Vas deferens is a passage for transfer of sperms, so sperms will not be transferred further. (c) When prostate and seminal vesicles are not functional, they will not add secretions fRead more

    (a) Sperm formation will be adversely affected because it requires a lower temperature than the body temperature.

    (b) Vas deferens is a passage for transfer of sperms, so sperms will not be transferred further.

    (c) When prostate and seminal vesicles are not functional, they will not add secretions for nourishment and medium for the transport of sperms.

    (d) When an egg is not fertilised in a human female, it lives for about one day. Then, the thickened lining of the uterus breaks leading to discharge of blood and mucus along with the unfertilised egg. This is called menstruation.

    (e) Nutrition and oxygen will not be provided to the growing embryo affecting its growth, which could have serious implications as well.

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  3. (i) Anannya’s answer is incorrect. Three-pin plugs are used to connect electrical appliances having metallic bodies to the earth wire, which provides a low-resistance path for leakage current and prevents electric shock. It does not reduce heating of wires. (ii) A fuse acts as a safety device in domRead more

    (i) Anannya’s answer is incorrect. Three-pin plugs are used to connect electrical appliances having metallic bodies to the earth wire, which provides a low-resistance path for leakage current and prevents electric shock. It does not reduce heating of wires.
    (ii) A fuse acts as a safety device in domestic circuits. It contains a thin wire that melts and breaks the circuit when the current exceeds the safe limit, thus protecting the wiring and appliances from short circuits and overloads.

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  4. The resistance of a conductor is influenced by several factors. It increases with the length of the conductor and decreases with the area of cross-section. It also depends on the nature of the material—metals like copper and aluminium have low resistance, while alloys like nichrome have high resistaRead more

    The resistance of a conductor is influenced by several factors. It increases with the length of the conductor and decreases with the area of cross-section. It also depends on the nature of the material—metals like copper and aluminium have low resistance, while alloys like nichrome have high resistance. Temperature also affects resistance; in most metals, resistance increases with rise in temperature. Thus, resistance (R) can be expressed as R = ρ(l/A), where ρ is the resistivity of the material.

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  5. According to Joule’s Law of Heating, the heat produced in an electrical circuit depends on measurable quantities—current (I), resistance (R), and time (t). The law states that the heat generated (H) in a conductor is directly proportional to the square of current, resistance of the conductor, and tiRead more

    According to Joule’s Law of Heating, the heat produced in an electrical circuit depends on measurable quantities—current (I), resistance (R), and time (t). The law states that the heat generated (H) in a conductor is directly proportional to the square of current, resistance of the conductor, and time for which current passes, represented by H = I²Rt. This explains why thicker wires produce less heat and why excessive current can cause heating or damage in electrical appliances.

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