. (i) Some persons and associations opposed this order and filed a number of cases in the courts. (ii) They appealed to the court's to declare the or-der invalid and stop its implementation. (iii) The Supreme Court of India bunched all these cases together. This case was known as 'Indira Sawhney andRead more
. (i) Some persons and associations opposed this order and filed a number of
cases in the courts.
(ii) They appealed to the court’s to declare the or-der invalid and stop its
implementation.
(iii) The Supreme Court of India bunched all these cases together. This case
was known as ‘Indira Sawhney and others Vs Union of India case’.
(iv) Eleven judges of the Supreme Court heard the arguments of both sides.
(v) By a majority, the Supreme Court judges in 1992 declared that this
order of the Government of India was valid.
(vi) At the same time, the Supreme Court asked the government to modif1,.
its original order.
(vii) It said that well-to-do persons among the backward classes should be
excluded from getting the benefit of reservation.
(viii) Accordingly, the Department of Personnel and Training issued another’
Memorandum on September’8, 1993. The dispute thus came to an end
and this policy has been followed since then.
. (i) The President of India in his address to the Parliament announced the intention of the government to implement the recommendations of the Mandal Commission. (ii) On 6 August 1990, the Union Cabinet took a formal decision to implement the recommendations. (iii) Next day, the then Prime MinisterRead more
. (i) The President of India in his address to the Parliament announced the
intention of the government to implement the recommendations of the
Mandal Commission.
(ii) On 6 August 1990, the Union Cabinet took a formal decision to
implement the recommendations.
(iii) Next day, the then Prime Minister V.P Singh informed the Parliament
about this decision through a statement in both the Houses of Parliament.
(iv) The decision of the Cabinet was sent to the Department of Personnel
and Training. The senior officers of the department drafted an older
in line with the Cabinet decision and took the minister’s approval. An
officer signed the order on behalf of the Union government called the
‘Office Memorandum’.
(i) The government of India had appointed the Second Backward classes Commission in 1979. It was headed by B.P Mandal. (ii) Hence, it was popularly called the Mandal Commission. (iii) It was asked to determine the criteria to identify the socially and educationally backward classes in India and recoRead more
(i) The government of India had appointed the Second Backward classes
Commission in 1979. It was headed by B.P Mandal.
(ii) Hence, it was popularly called the Mandal Commission.
(iii) It was asked to determine the criteria to identify the socially and
educationally backward classes in India and recommend steps to be
taken for their advancement.
(iv) The Commission gave a report in 1980 and made many recommendations.
One of these was that 27 per cent of the government jobs to be reserved
for the socially and economically backward classes.
(i) This order announced a major policy decision. (ii) According to this, the Mandal Commission gave a recommendation for 27 per cent of the government jobs to be reserved for the Socially and Economically Backward Classes (SEBC) in India. (ii) SEBC is another name for- all those people who belong tRead more
(i) This order announced a major policy decision.
(ii) According to this, the Mandal Commission gave a recommendation for
27 per cent of the government jobs to be reserved for the Socially and
Economically Backward Classes (SEBC) in India.
(ii) SEBC is another name for- all those people who belong to castes that are
considered backward by the government.
(iv) The benefit of job reservation was till then available only to scheduled
castes and scheduled tribes.
(r,) Now a new third category called SEBC was introduced’ Only persons
who belonged to backward castes were eligible for this quota of 27 pet
cent government jobs. Others could not compete for these jobs.
(i) A judge can be removed only by an impeachment motion passed separately by two-third members of the two Houses of the Parliament. (ii) Similarly, with impeachment, even President of India can be removed. It is passed by both the Houses of Parliament by two-third members majority.
(i) A judge can be removed only by an impeachment motion passed
separately by two-third members of the two Houses of the Parliament.
(ii) Similarly, with impeachment, even President of India can be removed.
It is passed by both the Houses of Parliament by two-third members
majority.
Who resolved the dispute of the Mandal Commission? How did it materialise later on?
. (i) Some persons and associations opposed this order and filed a number of cases in the courts. (ii) They appealed to the court's to declare the or-der invalid and stop its implementation. (iii) The Supreme Court of India bunched all these cases together. This case was known as 'Indira Sawhney andRead more
. (i) Some persons and associations opposed this order and filed a number of
See lesscases in the courts.
(ii) They appealed to the court’s to declare the or-der invalid and stop its
implementation.
(iii) The Supreme Court of India bunched all these cases together. This case
was known as ‘Indira Sawhney and others Vs Union of India case’.
(iv) Eleven judges of the Supreme Court heard the arguments of both sides.
(v) By a majority, the Supreme Court judges in 1992 declared that this
order of the Government of India was valid.
(vi) At the same time, the Supreme Court asked the government to modif1,.
its original order.
(vii) It said that well-to-do persons among the backward classes should be
excluded from getting the benefit of reservation.
(viii) Accordingly, the Department of Personnel and Training issued another’
Memorandum on September’8, 1993. The dispute thus came to an end
and this policy has been followed since then.
What developments took place after the recommendations of the Mandal Commission?
. (i) The President of India in his address to the Parliament announced the intention of the government to implement the recommendations of the Mandal Commission. (ii) On 6 August 1990, the Union Cabinet took a formal decision to implement the recommendations. (iii) Next day, the then Prime MinisterRead more
. (i) The President of India in his address to the Parliament announced the
See lessintention of the government to implement the recommendations of the
Mandal Commission.
(ii) On 6 August 1990, the Union Cabinet took a formal decision to
implement the recommendations.
(iii) Next day, the then Prime Minister V.P Singh informed the Parliament
about this decision through a statement in both the Houses of Parliament.
(iv) The decision of the Cabinet was sent to the Department of Personnel
and Training. The senior officers of the department drafted an older
in line with the Cabinet decision and took the minister’s approval. An
officer signed the order on behalf of the Union government called the
‘Office Memorandum’.
Why was the Mandal Commission appointed by the Indian government?
(i) The government of India had appointed the Second Backward classes Commission in 1979. It was headed by B.P Mandal. (ii) Hence, it was popularly called the Mandal Commission. (iii) It was asked to determine the criteria to identify the socially and educationally backward classes in India and recoRead more
(i) The government of India had appointed the Second Backward classes
See lessCommission in 1979. It was headed by B.P Mandal.
(ii) Hence, it was popularly called the Mandal Commission.
(iii) It was asked to determine the criteria to identify the socially and
educationally backward classes in India and recommend steps to be
taken for their advancement.
(iv) The Commission gave a report in 1980 and made many recommendations.
One of these was that 27 per cent of the government jobs to be reserved
for the socially and economically backward classes.
What is the ‘Office Memorandum’? Give example.
(i) This order announced a major policy decision. (ii) According to this, the Mandal Commission gave a recommendation for 27 per cent of the government jobs to be reserved for the Socially and Economically Backward Classes (SEBC) in India. (ii) SEBC is another name for- all those people who belong tRead more
(i) This order announced a major policy decision.
See less(ii) According to this, the Mandal Commission gave a recommendation for
27 per cent of the government jobs to be reserved for the Socially and
Economically Backward Classes (SEBC) in India.
(ii) SEBC is another name for- all those people who belong to castes that are
considered backward by the government.
(iv) The benefit of job reservation was till then available only to scheduled
castes and scheduled tribes.
(r,) Now a new third category called SEBC was introduced’ Only persons
who belonged to backward castes were eligible for this quota of 27 pet
cent government jobs. Others could not compete for these jobs.
What is Impeachment Motion?
(i) A judge can be removed only by an impeachment motion passed separately by two-third members of the two Houses of the Parliament. (ii) Similarly, with impeachment, even President of India can be removed. It is passed by both the Houses of Parliament by two-third members majority.
(i) A judge can be removed only by an impeachment motion passed
See lessseparately by two-third members of the two Houses of the Parliament.
(ii) Similarly, with impeachment, even President of India can be removed.
It is passed by both the Houses of Parliament by two-third members
majority.