It means that the Supreme Court controls the judicial administration in the country. Its decisions are binding on all the other courts of the country. It can take up any dispute: (i) between the citizens of the county; (ii) between citizens and the government; (iii) between two or more state governmRead more
It means that the Supreme Court controls the judicial administration in the
country. Its decisions are binding on all the other courts of the country. It can
take up any dispute:
(i) between the citizens of the county;
(ii) between citizens and the government;
(iii) between two or more state governments; and
(iv) between the union and state governments.
It is the highest court of appeal in civil and criminal cases. If can hear
appeals against the decisions of the high courts.
(i) The Judiciary is not under the control of the Legislature or the Executive. (ii) The judges do not act on the directions of the government or according to the wishes of the party in power. (iii) That is why, all modern democracies have units that are independent of the Legislature and the ExecutRead more
(i) The Judiciary is not under the control of the Legislature or the Executive.
(ii) The judges do not act on the directions of the government or according
to the wishes of the party in power.
(iii) That is why, all modern democracies have units that are independent of
the Legislature and the Executive.
(i) The President appoints the Prime Minister. When a party or coalition of parties secures a clear majority in the elections, the President has to appoint the leader of the majority party or the coalition that enjoys majority support in the Lok Sabha. (ii) When no party or coalition gets a majorityRead more
(i) The President appoints the Prime Minister. When a party or coalition
of parties secures a clear majority in the elections, the President has
to appoint the leader of the majority party or the coalition that enjoys
majority support in the Lok Sabha.
(ii) When no party or coalition gets a majority in the Lok Sabha, the President
exercises his or her discretion. The President appoints a leader who, in
her opinion, can muster majority support in the Lok Sabha. In such a
case, the President can ask the newly appointed Prime Minister to prove
a majority support in the Lok Sabha within a specified time.
(i) The President can ask the Council of Ministers to reconsider his or her advice. But if the same advice is given again, he or she is bound to act according to it. (ii) A Bill passed by the Parliament becomes a law only after the President gives assent to it. If the President wants, he or- she canRead more
(i) The President can ask the Council of Ministers to reconsider his or her
advice. But if the same advice is given again, he or she is bound to act
according to it.
(ii) A Bill passed by the Parliament becomes a law only after the President
gives assent to it. If the President wants, he or- she can send back the Bill
to the Parliament for reconsideration. But if the Parliament passes the
Bill again, he or she has to sign it.
(i) The Prime Minister of a coalition government cannot take decisions as he likes. (n) He has to accommodate different groups and functions in his party, as well as among alliance partners. (iii) He also has to heed to the views and positions of the coalition partners and other parties on whose supRead more
(i) The Prime Minister of a coalition government cannot take decisions as
he likes.
(n) He has to accommodate different groups and functions in his party, as
well as among alliance partners.
(iii) He also has to heed to the views and positions of the coalition partners
and other parties on whose support the survival of the government
depends.
As head of the government, the Prime Minister has wide-ranging powers. (i) He chairs the Cabinet meetings. (ii) He coordinates the work of different departments. (iii) He supervises different ministries. (iv) His decisions are final in case disagreements arise between departments. (v) He distributesRead more
As head of the government, the Prime Minister has wide-ranging powers.
(i) He chairs the Cabinet meetings.
(ii) He coordinates the work of different departments.
(iii) He supervises different ministries.
(iv) His decisions are final in case disagreements arise between departments.
(v) He distributes and redistributes work to the ministers.
(vi) He also has the power to dismiss ministers.
When the Prime Minister quits, the entire ministry quits.
The Council of Ministers are classified as follows: (i) Cabinet Ministers: They are usually top-level leaders of the ruling party or parties who are in charge of the major ministries. Usually, the Cabinet Ministers meet to take decisions in the name of the Council of Ministers, (ii) Ministers of StaRead more
The Council of Ministers are classified as follows:
(i) Cabinet Ministers: They are usually top-level leaders of the ruling party
or parties who are in charge of the major ministries. Usually, the Cabinet
Ministers meet to take decisions in the name of the Council of Ministers,
(ii) Ministers of State with independent charge: They are usually in charge
of smaller ministries. They participate in the cabinet meeting only when
they are specially invited.
(iii) Ministers of State: They are attached to and are required to assist the
Cabinet Ministers.
(i) The civil servants are usually more educated and have more expert knowledge of the subject. (ii) The advisors working in the Finance Ministry know more about economics than the Finance Minister-. (iii) Sometimes, ministers may know very little about the technical matters that come under their miRead more
(i) The civil servants are usually more educated and have more expert
knowledge of the subject.
(ii) The advisors working in the Finance Ministry know more about
economics than the Finance Minister-.
(iii) Sometimes, ministers may know very little about the technical matters
that come under their ministry, but they are supported in all these
matters by the civil servants.
This could easily happen in ministries like the Defense, Industry, Health,
Science and Technology, Mining, etc.
(i) Political Executive: one what is elected by the people for a specific period is called the 'political executive'. Political leaders who take big decisions fall in this category. (ii) Permanent Executive: In this category, people are appointed on a long term basis. This is called the permanent exRead more
(i) Political Executive: one what is elected by the people for a specific
period is called the ‘political executive’. Political leaders who take big
decisions fall in this category.
(ii) Permanent Executive: In this category, people are appointed on a long term basis. This is called the permanent executive or civil services. They
are the civil servants. They remain in office even when the ruling party
changes. These officers work under ministers and assist them in carrying
out the day-to-day administration.
(i) Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the Houses. But if there is a difference between the two Houses, the final decision is taken in a joint session. However, since the number of members in the Lok Sabha are more; their view or decision is more likely to prevail. (ii) The Lok Sabha exerciRead more
(i) Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the Houses. But if there is
a difference between the two Houses, the final decision is taken in a joint
session. However, since the number of members in the Lok Sabha are
more; their view or decision is more likely to prevail.
(ii) The Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters. Once the Lok
Sabha passes the budget of the government or any other money related
law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can delay it only
by 14 days or can suggest changes in it. The Lok Sabha may or may not
accept the change.
(iii) The Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers. If the majority of the
Lok Sabha members say that they have ‘no confidence in the Council
of Ministers; all the ministers including the Prime Minister, have to quit.
The Rajya Sabha does not have this power.
What does ‘integration of judiciary’ mean?
It means that the Supreme Court controls the judicial administration in the country. Its decisions are binding on all the other courts of the country. It can take up any dispute: (i) between the citizens of the county; (ii) between citizens and the government; (iii) between two or more state governmRead more
It means that the Supreme Court controls the judicial administration in the
See lesscountry. Its decisions are binding on all the other courts of the country. It can
take up any dispute:
(i) between the citizens of the county;
(ii) between citizens and the government;
(iii) between two or more state governments; and
(iv) between the union and state governments.
It is the highest court of appeal in civil and criminal cases. If can hear
appeals against the decisions of the high courts.
What does ‘independence of judiciary’ mean?
(i) The Judiciary is not under the control of the Legislature or the Executive. (ii) The judges do not act on the directions of the government or according to the wishes of the party in power. (iii) That is why, all modern democracies have units that are independent of the Legislature and the ExecutRead more
(i) The Judiciary is not under the control of the Legislature or the Executive.
See less(ii) The judges do not act on the directions of the government or according
to the wishes of the party in power.
(iii) That is why, all modern democracies have units that are independent of
the Legislature and the Executive.
What are the discretionary powers of the President?
(i) The President appoints the Prime Minister. When a party or coalition of parties secures a clear majority in the elections, the President has to appoint the leader of the majority party or the coalition that enjoys majority support in the Lok Sabha. (ii) When no party or coalition gets a majorityRead more
(i) The President appoints the Prime Minister. When a party or coalition
See lessof parties secures a clear majority in the elections, the President has
to appoint the leader of the majority party or the coalition that enjoys
majority support in the Lok Sabha.
(ii) When no party or coalition gets a majority in the Lok Sabha, the President
exercises his or her discretion. The President appoints a leader who, in
her opinion, can muster majority support in the Lok Sabha. In such a
case, the President can ask the newly appointed Prime Minister to prove
a majority support in the Lok Sabha within a specified time.
Does the President exercise his powers on the advice of the Council of Ministers?
(i) The President can ask the Council of Ministers to reconsider his or her advice. But if the same advice is given again, he or she is bound to act according to it. (ii) A Bill passed by the Parliament becomes a law only after the President gives assent to it. If the President wants, he or- she canRead more
(i) The President can ask the Council of Ministers to reconsider his or her
See lessadvice. But if the same advice is given again, he or she is bound to act
according to it.
(ii) A Bill passed by the Parliament becomes a law only after the President
gives assent to it. If the President wants, he or- she can send back the Bill
to the Parliament for reconsideration. But if the Parliament passes the
Bill again, he or she has to sign it.
What is the role of the Prime Minister in a coalition government?
(i) The Prime Minister of a coalition government cannot take decisions as he likes. (n) He has to accommodate different groups and functions in his party, as well as among alliance partners. (iii) He also has to heed to the views and positions of the coalition partners and other parties on whose supRead more
(i) The Prime Minister of a coalition government cannot take decisions as
See lesshe likes.
(n) He has to accommodate different groups and functions in his party, as
well as among alliance partners.
(iii) He also has to heed to the views and positions of the coalition partners
and other parties on whose support the survival of the government
depends.
What powers rest with the Prime Minister of India?
As head of the government, the Prime Minister has wide-ranging powers. (i) He chairs the Cabinet meetings. (ii) He coordinates the work of different departments. (iii) He supervises different ministries. (iv) His decisions are final in case disagreements arise between departments. (v) He distributesRead more
As head of the government, the Prime Minister has wide-ranging powers.
See less(i) He chairs the Cabinet meetings.
(ii) He coordinates the work of different departments.
(iii) He supervises different ministries.
(iv) His decisions are final in case disagreements arise between departments.
(v) He distributes and redistributes work to the ministers.
(vi) He also has the power to dismiss ministers.
When the Prime Minister quits, the entire ministry quits.
How are the Council of Ministers categorised?
The Council of Ministers are classified as follows: (i) Cabinet Ministers: They are usually top-level leaders of the ruling party or parties who are in charge of the major ministries. Usually, the Cabinet Ministers meet to take decisions in the name of the Council of Ministers, (ii) Ministers of StaRead more
The Council of Ministers are classified as follows:
See less(i) Cabinet Ministers: They are usually top-level leaders of the ruling party
or parties who are in charge of the major ministries. Usually, the Cabinet
Ministers meet to take decisions in the name of the Council of Ministers,
(ii) Ministers of State with independent charge: They are usually in charge
of smaller ministries. They participate in the cabinet meeting only when
they are specially invited.
(iii) Ministers of State: They are attached to and are required to assist the
Cabinet Ministers.
What is the importance of civil servants in running the government?
(i) The civil servants are usually more educated and have more expert knowledge of the subject. (ii) The advisors working in the Finance Ministry know more about economics than the Finance Minister-. (iii) Sometimes, ministers may know very little about the technical matters that come under their miRead more
(i) The civil servants are usually more educated and have more expert
See lessknowledge of the subject.
(ii) The advisors working in the Finance Ministry know more about
economics than the Finance Minister-.
(iii) Sometimes, ministers may know very little about the technical matters
that come under their ministry, but they are supported in all these
matters by the civil servants.
This could easily happen in ministries like the Defense, Industry, Health,
Science and Technology, Mining, etc.
Which two categories constitute the executive in a democratic country?
(i) Political Executive: one what is elected by the people for a specific period is called the 'political executive'. Political leaders who take big decisions fall in this category. (ii) Permanent Executive: In this category, people are appointed on a long term basis. This is called the permanent exRead more
(i) Political Executive: one what is elected by the people for a specific
See lessperiod is called the ‘political executive’. Political leaders who take big
decisions fall in this category.
(ii) Permanent Executive: In this category, people are appointed on a long term basis. This is called the permanent executive or civil services. They
are the civil servants. They remain in office even when the ruling party
changes. These officers work under ministers and assist them in carrying
out the day-to-day administration.
In what ways does the Lok Sabha exercise more powers than the Rajya Sabha?
(i) Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the Houses. But if there is a difference between the two Houses, the final decision is taken in a joint session. However, since the number of members in the Lok Sabha are more; their view or decision is more likely to prevail. (ii) The Lok Sabha exerciRead more
(i) Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the Houses. But if there is
See lessa difference between the two Houses, the final decision is taken in a joint
session. However, since the number of members in the Lok Sabha are
more; their view or decision is more likely to prevail.
(ii) The Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters. Once the Lok
Sabha passes the budget of the government or any other money related
law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can delay it only
by 14 days or can suggest changes in it. The Lok Sabha may or may not
accept the change.
(iii) The Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers. If the majority of the
Lok Sabha members say that they have ‘no confidence in the Council
of Ministers; all the ministers including the Prime Minister, have to quit.
The Rajya Sabha does not have this power.