1. (i) In India, the Parliament consists of two Houses. (ii) The two Houses are known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha). (iii) The President of India is not a member of Parliament but no Bill can be passed without the assent of the President.

    (i) In India, the Parliament consists of two Houses.
    (ii) The two Houses are known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and
    the House of the People (Lok Sabha).
    (iii) The President of India is not a member of Parliament but no Bill can be
    passed without the assent of the President.

    See less
    • 1
  2. (i) Institutions involve rules and regulations. This can bind the hands of the leaders. (ii) Institutions involve meetings, committees and routines. This often leads to delays and complications. Therefore, dealing with institutions can be frustrating. (iii) Some of the delays and complications introRead more

    (i) Institutions involve rules and regulations. This can bind the hands of the
    leaders.
    (ii) Institutions involve meetings, committees and routines. This often leads
    to delays and complications. Therefore, dealing with institutions can be
    frustrating.
    (iii) Some of the delays and complications introduced by the institutions are
    very useful. They provide an opportunity for a wider set of people to
    be consulted in any decision-making.
    (iv) Institutions make it difficult to take good decisions very quickly, but they
    also make it equally difficult to rush through a bad decision.

    See less
    • 2
  3. (i) The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are institutions that take all important policy decisions. (ii) The Civil Servants, who work together $rith the ministers, are responsible for taking steps to implement the ministers' decisions. (iii) The Supreme Court is an institution where disputes: (a) betwRead more

    (i) The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are institutions that take all
    important policy decisions.
    (ii) The Civil Servants, who work together $rith the ministers, are responsible
    for taking steps to implement the ministers’ decisions.
    (iii) The Supreme Court is an institution where disputes: (a) between citizens
    of the country, (b) between citizens and the government, (c) between two
    or more state governments and (d) between union and state governments
    are finally settled.

    See less
    • 0
  4. (i) The government is responsible for ensuring security to the citizens and providing facilities for education and health to all. (ii) It collects taxes and spends the money thus raised on administration, defense and development programmed. (iii) It formulates and implements several welfare schemes.Read more

    (i) The government is responsible for ensuring security to the citizens and
    providing facilities for education and health to all.
    (ii) It collects taxes and spends the money thus raised on administration,
    defense and development programmed.
    (iii) It formulates and implements several welfare schemes.
    To attend to all these tasks, several arrangements are made in all modern
    democracies. Such arrangements are called Political Institutions.

    See less
    • 1
  5. (i) The newspapers and magazines were full of different views and opinions on this issue. (ii) It led to widespread protests and counter-protests, some of which were violent. (iii) People reacted strongly because this decision affected thousands of job opportunities. (iv) Some felt that the existencRead more

    (i) The newspapers and magazines were full of different views and opinions
    on this issue.
    (ii) It led to widespread protests and counter-protests, some of which were
    violent.
    (iii) People reacted strongly because this decision affected thousands of job
    opportunities.
    (iv) Some felt that the existence of inequalities among people of different
    castes in India necessitated job reservations.
    (v) Others were of the view that this was unfair as it would deny equality of
    opportunity to those who did not belong to a backward community’.
    (vi) Some felt that this would hamper national unity.

    See less
    • 2