(i) When glazing lands were taken over and turned into cultivated fields, the available area of pastureland declined. Due to reservation of forests, cattle herders could no longer freely let their- cattle graze in the forests. (ii) As pasturelands disappeared under the plough, the existing animal stRead more
(i) When glazing lands were taken over and turned into cultivated fields, the available area of pastureland declined. Due to reservation of forests, cattle herders could no longer freely let their- cattle graze in the forests.
(ii) As pasturelands disappeared under the plough, the existing animal stock had to feed on whatever grazing land remained. This led to continuous intensive grazing of these pastures, which did not allow time for the natural restoration of vegetation growth.
(iii) This ultimately led to shortage of forests for animals and deterioration of animal stock. Underfed cattle died in large numbers during scarcities and famines.
(i) Thx was imposed on land, canal water, salt, trade goods and even on animals. (ii) Pastoralists had to pay tax on every animal they grazed on the pastures. (iii) The light to collect the tax was auctioned out to contractors. These contractors tried to extract as high a tax as they could, to recovRead more
(i) Thx was imposed on land, canal water, salt, trade goods and even on
animals.
(ii) Pastoralists had to pay tax on every animal they grazed on the pastures.
(iii) The light to collect the tax was auctioned out to contractors. These contractors tried to extract as high a tax as they could, to recover the money they had paid to the state and earn as much profit as they could within a year.
Later on, governments began collecting taxes directly from the pastoralists.
(i) Once this Act came into force, these communities which were nomadic, now expected to live only in notified village settlements. (ii) They were not allowed to move out without a permit. (iii) The village police was also told to keep a continuous watch on them. By this Act, nomadic tribes learnt tRead more
(i) Once this Act came into force, these communities which were nomadic, now expected to live only in notified village settlements.
(ii) They were not allowed to move out without a permit.
(iii) The village police was also told to keep a continuous watch on them. By this Act, nomadic tribes learnt to live a settled life.
In 1871, the colonial government passed the criminal Tribes Act. (i) The colonial government wanted to rule over a settled population. Such a population was easy to identify and control. (ii) Those who were settled were seen as peaceable and law abiding; and those who were nomadic were considered toRead more
In 1871, the colonial government passed the criminal Tribes Act.
(i) The colonial government wanted to rule over a settled population. Such a population was easy to identify and control.
(ii) Those who were settled were seen as peaceable and law abiding; and those who were nomadic were considered to be criminals.
(iii) By this Act, many communities of craftsmen, traders and pastoralists were classified as criminal tribes.
(i) To, the colonial officials, all uncultivated land appeared to be unproductive. So it was seen as 'wasteland' that had to be brought under cultivation. (ii) so, 'wasteland Rules' were enacted in various parts of the country. By these rules, uncultivated Iands were taken over and given to selectedRead more
(i) To, the colonial officials, all uncultivated land appeared to be unproductive. So it was seen as ‘wasteland’ that had to be brought under cultivation.
(ii) so, ‘wasteland Rules’ were enacted in various parts of the country. By these rules, uncultivated Iands were taken over and given to selected individuals.
(iii) These individuals were granted various concessions and encouraged to settle these lands. Some of them were made headmen of villages to monitor cultivation.
So, the expansion of cultivation meant the decline of pastures for the pastoralists which posed huge problems for them.
How did the changes brought about by colonial rule affect the lives of pastoralists?
(i) When glazing lands were taken over and turned into cultivated fields, the available area of pastureland declined. Due to reservation of forests, cattle herders could no longer freely let their- cattle graze in the forests. (ii) As pasturelands disappeared under the plough, the existing animal stRead more
(i) When glazing lands were taken over and turned into cultivated fields, the available area of pastureland declined. Due to reservation of forests, cattle herders could no longer freely let their- cattle graze in the forests.
See less(ii) As pasturelands disappeared under the plough, the existing animal stock had to feed on whatever grazing land remained. This led to continuous intensive grazing of these pastures, which did not allow time for the natural restoration of vegetation growth.
(iii) This ultimately led to shortage of forests for animals and deterioration of animal stock. Underfed cattle died in large numbers during scarcities and famines.
How were taxes collected by the British from the pastoralists?
(i) Thx was imposed on land, canal water, salt, trade goods and even on animals. (ii) Pastoralists had to pay tax on every animal they grazed on the pastures. (iii) The light to collect the tax was auctioned out to contractors. These contractors tried to extract as high a tax as they could, to recovRead more
(i) Thx was imposed on land, canal water, salt, trade goods and even on
See lessanimals.
(ii) Pastoralists had to pay tax on every animal they grazed on the pastures.
(iii) The light to collect the tax was auctioned out to contractors. These contractors tried to extract as high a tax as they could, to recover the money they had paid to the state and earn as much profit as they could within a year.
Later on, governments began collecting taxes directly from the pastoralists.
How were the criminal tribes controlled by the British government?
(i) Once this Act came into force, these communities which were nomadic, now expected to live only in notified village settlements. (ii) They were not allowed to move out without a permit. (iii) The village police was also told to keep a continuous watch on them. By this Act, nomadic tribes learnt tRead more
(i) Once this Act came into force, these communities which were nomadic, now expected to live only in notified village settlements.
See less(ii) They were not allowed to move out without a permit.
(iii) The village police was also told to keep a continuous watch on them. By this Act, nomadic tribes learnt to live a settled life.
Why did the colonial government in India pass the Criminal Tribes Act?
In 1871, the colonial government passed the criminal Tribes Act. (i) The colonial government wanted to rule over a settled population. Such a population was easy to identify and control. (ii) Those who were settled were seen as peaceable and law abiding; and those who were nomadic were considered toRead more
In 1871, the colonial government passed the criminal Tribes Act.
See less(i) The colonial government wanted to rule over a settled population. Such a population was easy to identify and control.
(ii) Those who were settled were seen as peaceable and law abiding; and those who were nomadic were considered to be criminals.
(iii) By this Act, many communities of craftsmen, traders and pastoralists were classified as criminal tribes.
How were ”Wasteland Rules’ enacted?
(i) To, the colonial officials, all uncultivated land appeared to be unproductive. So it was seen as 'wasteland' that had to be brought under cultivation. (ii) so, 'wasteland Rules' were enacted in various parts of the country. By these rules, uncultivated Iands were taken over and given to selectedRead more
(i) To, the colonial officials, all uncultivated land appeared to be unproductive. So it was seen as ‘wasteland’ that had to be brought under cultivation.
See less(ii) so, ‘wasteland Rules’ were enacted in various parts of the country. By these rules, uncultivated Iands were taken over and given to selected individuals.
(iii) These individuals were granted various concessions and encouraged to settle these lands. Some of them were made headmen of villages to monitor cultivation.
So, the expansion of cultivation meant the decline of pastures for the pastoralists which posed huge problems for them.