(a) The women writers of India in 19th century- were Rashsundari Debi, Kailashbhashim Debi, Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai. (b) (i) Kailashtrashini Debi wrote books highlighting the experiences of women-about how women were imprisoned at home, kept in ignorance, forced to do hard domestic labourRead more
(a) The women writers of India in 19th century- were Rashsundari Debi, Kailashbhashim
Debi, Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai.
(b) (i) Kailashtrashini Debi wrote books highlighting the experiences of women-about how women were imprisoned at home, kept in ignorance, forced to do hard domestic labour and treated unjustly by the very people they served.
(ii) In present day Maharashira, Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai wrote with passionate anger about the miserabie lives of upper-caste Hindu women, especially widows.
(i) The printing press came to India with Portuguese missionaries in Goa in the mid sixteenth century. Jesuit priests learnt Konkani and printed several tracts. By 1674, about 50 books had been printed in Konkani and Kannara languages. (ii) Books in different languages were printed as given below: (Read more
(i) The printing press came to India with Portuguese missionaries in Goa in the mid sixteenth century. Jesuit priests learnt Konkani and printed several tracts. By 1674, about 50 books had been printed in Konkani and Kannara languages.
(ii) Books in different languages were printed as given below:
(a) In 1579 – First Tamil book was printed by Catholic priests at Cochin.
(b) In 1713 – Printing of first Malayalam book.
(c) By 1710 – Dutch Protestant missionaries had printed 32 Tamil texts, many of them were translations from older works”
(iii) English printing: (a) English printing began with the Bengal Gazette from 1780 by James Augustus Hickey.
(b) By the end of eighteenth century. a number of newspapers and journals were being printed.
(c) Indians too began to purplish newspaper. Weekly Bengal Gazette was the first to be brought out by Gangadhar Bhattacharya.
(a) (i) There were handwritten manuscripts in Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian and various vernacular languages. (ii) Manuscripts were copied on palm leaves or on handmade paper. (iii) There were illustrations on pages. (iv) To preserve them, these were either pressed between wooden covers or sewn togetherRead more
(a) (i) There were handwritten manuscripts in Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian and various vernacular languages.
(ii) Manuscripts were copied on palm leaves or on handmade paper.
(iii) There were illustrations on pages.
(iv) To preserve them, these were either pressed between wooden covers or sewn together.
(b) Drawbacks: (i) Manuscripts were, however, highly expensive and fragile.
(ii) They had to be handled carefully.
(iii) They also could not be read easily as the script was written in different styles. In view of the above manuscripts were not widely used in everyday life. Their use remained limited. Even in schools. teachers used to dictate portions of texts to students. Many people, thus, became literate without ever actually reading any kind of texts.
Write the name of any four woman writers of India in 19th century and highlight the contribution of any two who wrote about the different experiences of the woman.
(a) The women writers of India in 19th century- were Rashsundari Debi, Kailashbhashim Debi, Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai. (b) (i) Kailashtrashini Debi wrote books highlighting the experiences of women-about how women were imprisoned at home, kept in ignorance, forced to do hard domestic labourRead more
(a) The women writers of India in 19th century- were Rashsundari Debi, Kailashbhashim
See lessDebi, Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai.
(b) (i) Kailashtrashini Debi wrote books highlighting the experiences of women-about how women were imprisoned at home, kept in ignorance, forced to do hard domestic labour and treated unjustly by the very people they served.
(ii) In present day Maharashira, Tarabai Shinde and Pandita Ramabai wrote with passionate anger about the miserabie lives of upper-caste Hindu women, especially widows.
Examine the role of missionaries in the growth of press in India.
(i) The printing press came to India with Portuguese missionaries in Goa in the mid sixteenth century. Jesuit priests learnt Konkani and printed several tracts. By 1674, about 50 books had been printed in Konkani and Kannara languages. (ii) Books in different languages were printed as given below: (Read more
(i) The printing press came to India with Portuguese missionaries in Goa in the mid sixteenth century. Jesuit priests learnt Konkani and printed several tracts. By 1674, about 50 books had been printed in Konkani and Kannara languages.
See less(ii) Books in different languages were printed as given below:
(a) In 1579 – First Tamil book was printed by Catholic priests at Cochin.
(b) In 1713 – Printing of first Malayalam book.
(c) By 1710 – Dutch Protestant missionaries had printed 32 Tamil texts, many of them were translations from older works”
(iii) English printing: (a) English printing began with the Bengal Gazette from 1780 by James Augustus Hickey.
(b) By the end of eighteenth century. a number of newspapers and journals were being printed.
(c) Indians too began to purplish newspaper. Weekly Bengal Gazette was the first to be brought out by Gangadhar Bhattacharya.
How were manuscripts written in India before the age of print? What were their drawbacks and effects?
(a) (i) There were handwritten manuscripts in Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian and various vernacular languages. (ii) Manuscripts were copied on palm leaves or on handmade paper. (iii) There were illustrations on pages. (iv) To preserve them, these were either pressed between wooden covers or sewn togetherRead more
(a) (i) There were handwritten manuscripts in Sanskrit, Arabic, Persian and various vernacular languages.
See less(ii) Manuscripts were copied on palm leaves or on handmade paper.
(iii) There were illustrations on pages.
(iv) To preserve them, these were either pressed between wooden covers or sewn together.
(b) Drawbacks: (i) Manuscripts were, however, highly expensive and fragile.
(ii) They had to be handled carefully.
(iii) They also could not be read easily as the script was written in different styles. In view of the above manuscripts were not widely used in everyday life. Their use remained limited. Even in schools. teachers used to dictate portions of texts to students. Many people, thus, became literate without ever actually reading any kind of texts.