1. (i) They move in the villages of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. (ii) In search of good pastureland for their cattle, they moved over long distances. (iii) They sold plough cattle and other goods to the villagers in exchange for grain and fodder.

    (i) They move in the villages of Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
    (ii) In search of good pastureland for their cattle, they moved over long distances.
    (iii) They sold plough cattle and other goods to the villagers in exchange for grain and fodder.

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  2. (i) Pastoralist tribes such as the Gollas herded cattle, while the Kurumas and the Kurubas reared sheep and goats and sold woven blankets. (ii) They lived near the woods, cultivated small patches of land, engaged in a variety of petty trades and took care of their herds. (iii) In the dry season, theRead more

    (i) Pastoralist tribes such as the Gollas herded cattle, while the Kurumas and the Kurubas reared sheep and goats and sold woven blankets.
    (ii) They lived near the woods, cultivated small patches of land, engaged in a variety of petty trades and took care of their herds.
    (iii) In the dry season, they moved to the coastal tracts and left when the rain came. So, their seasonal rhythm was during the monsoons and the dry season.

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  3. (i) The Guijar cattle herders came down to the dry forests of the bhabar in winter and went up to high meadows-the bugyals, in summer. (ii) Many of them were originally from Jammu and came to the UP hills in the 19th century in search of good pastures' (iii) This pattern of cyclical movement betweenRead more

    (i) The Guijar cattle herders came down to the dry forests of the bhabar in winter and went up to high meadows-the bugyals, in summer.
    (ii) Many of them were originally from Jammu and came to the UP hills in the 19th century in search of good pastures’
    (iii) This pattern of cyclical movement between summer and winter-pastures was typical of many pastoral communities of the Himalayas.

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  4. (i) They spent their winter in the low hills of the Shiwalik range, grazing their flock in the scrub forests. (ii) By April, they moved north and spent the summer in Lahul and Spiti. (iii) When the snow melted and the high passes rvere clear-, many of them moved to higher mountain meadows. (iv) By SRead more

    (i) They spent their winter in the low hills of the Shiwalik range, grazing their flock in the scrub forests.
    (ii) By April, they moved north and spent the summer in Lahul and Spiti.
    (iii) When the snow melted and the high passes rvere clear-, many of them moved to higher mountain meadows.
    (iv) By September, they began their return movement and descended with their flock to their winter grazing ground, the Shiwalik hills.

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  5. (i) Nomads are people who do not live in one place but move from one area to another to earn their living. (ii) in many parts of India, we can see nomadic pastoralists on the move with their needs of cattle. (iii) For example Gujjars of Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir, Gaddi shepherds of Himachal PraRead more

    (i) Nomads are people who do not live in one place but move from one area to another to earn their living.
    (ii) in many parts of India, we can see nomadic pastoralists on the move with their needs of cattle.
    (iii) For example Gujjars of Bakarwals of Jammu and Kashmir, Gaddi shepherds of Himachal Pradesh, Gujjars of Garhwal and Kumaon, Dhangars of Maharashtra. etc.

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