AIDS virus, also known as HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), is a single-stranded RNA virus. This virus belongs to the retrovirus family and has a genome composed of single-stranded RNA. When HIV enters a host cell, it uses the enzyme reverse transcriptase to convert its RNA genome into DNA. This DNA then integrates into the host cell’s genome, allowing the virus to replicate and spread within the body. HIV attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (T cells), which weakens the immune response and makes the body susceptible to opportunistic infections and certain cancers. As the virus progresses and the immune system becomes severely compromised, the condition known as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) can develop. Effective antiretroviral therapy can control the virus and improve the quality of life for those living with HIV/AIDS.