What factors may be responsible for losses of grains during storage?

Grain storage losses can be attributed to a variety of factors, with two key contributors being moisture and pests. Excessive moisture levels in stored grains create a conducive environment for mold and fungal growth, leading to spoilage and a decrease in grain quality. Mold not only reduces the nutritional value of the grains but also produces mycotoxins, which can pose health risks to both humans and animals when consumed. Additionally, moisture can contribute to the development of hot spots within the stored grain mass, accelerating deterioration.
Pests, including insects and rodents, represent another significant factor in grain storage losses. Insects such as beetles and weevils can infest stored grains, consuming and contaminating them in the process. These pests not only cause direct physical damage but also contribute to the growth of molds and fungi by creating entry points for pathogens. Proper storage practices, such as maintaining appropriate moisture levels, using insect-resistant containers, and implementing regular monitoring and fumigation, are essential to mitigate these losses and ensure the long-term viability of stored grain supplies.