What are the constituents of phloem?

Phloem, a vital plant tissue responsible for transporting nutrients, comprises various specialized cells:

1. Sieve Tube Elements: These elongated cells form the essential conduits for nutrient transport. Sieve tube elements lack nuclei at maturity, allowing efficient movement of sugars and organic compounds. They interconnect via sieve plates, facilitating fluid flow.

2. Companion Cells: Positioned alongside sieve tube elements, companion cells play a supportive role. With a nucleus, they assist sieve tube elements by supplying essential nutrients and proteins, ensuring their metabolic functions.

3. Phloem Parenchyma: Living cells surrounding the sieve tubes and companion cells, phloem parenchyma contributes to storage and metabolism. They aid in maintaining the overall health of the phloem tissue.

4. Phloem Fibers: These elongated cells provide structural support to the phloem. Their role lies in reinforcing the tissue, enhancing its strength and durability.

The collective function of these specialized cells forms the intricate phloem tissue, allowing the efficient translocation of sugars, hormones, and other vital nutrients throughout the plant. This nutrient transport system supports growth, energy distribution, and overall plant health.