The process of separation of white light into its different colours is called

The process of separation of white light into its different colors is called dispersion (Option B). Dispersion occurs when light passes through a medium like a prism, causing each wavelength of light to refract, or bend, at different angles. This bending is due to the different refractive indices for different wavelengths of light. For instance, when white light enters a prism, the various colors that constitute white light, such as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, bend by different amounts. Violet light, having the shortest wavelength, bends the most, while red light, having the longest wavelength, bends the least. This spreading out of light into its constituent colors results in a spectrum, which is often observed as a rainbow. Dispersion demonstrates the wave nature of light and is crucial in understanding optical phenomena and technologies like spectroscopy, which analyzes the light spectrum to determine the composition of materials.