NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 6
Social Science Class 10 Geography
Manufacturing Industries 6
Important NCERT Questions Based on new NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
Questions No: 3 Part: II
How do industries pollute the environment?
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Industrial pollution of the environment is of four types: air, water, land and noise. Air pollution is caused by smoke released by chemical and paper factories, brick kilns, refineries and smelting plants, and burning of fossil fuels in factories ignoring pollution norms. Water pollution is caused by the discharging of organic and inorganic industrial wastes and effluents into rivers. This form of pollution is caused by paper, pulp, chemical, textile, dyeing, petroleum refineries, tanneries and electroplating industries. The major solid wastes released into rivers in India are fly ash, phospo – gypsum, and iron and steel slags. Thermal pollution of water is another form of water pollution, caused by the emission of hot water from factories and thermal plants into rivers and ponds. Dumping of solid wastes renders the soil infertile and useless too. Lastly, noise pollution results from industrial and construction activities, machinery, generators, and saws, pneumatic and electric drills.
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Industries pollute the environment in various ways. Factory emissions release harmful gases like carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, contributing to air pollution, smog, and respiratory ailments. Discharge of industrial waste containing chemicals and toxins contaminates water bodies, harming aquatic life and affecting human health. Improper disposal of waste leads to soil pollution, impacting soil fertility and plant growth. Additionally, industrial machinery generates excessive noise, causing disturbances to communities and wildlife. Huge amounts of solid waste, including hazardous materials, pose challenges in waste management and landfills.
To mitigate these impacts, industries must adopt cleaner production methods, utilize eco-friendly technologies, and comply with strict environmental regulations. Implementing waste treatment, emission controls, and recycling practices can significantly reduce environmental degradation caused by industrial activities.