1. Using the given organisms, two separate food chains can be formed: Grass → Rabbit → Fox → Tiger → Vulture Trees → Insects → Frog → Snake → Owl These food chains are interconnected, forming a food web that shows how energy flows through producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers like grass andRead more

    Using the given organisms, two separate food chains can be formed:

    1. Grass → Rabbit → Fox → Tiger → Vulture
    2. Trees → Insects → Frog → Snake → Owl
      These food chains are interconnected, forming a food web that shows how energy flows through producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers like grass and trees convert sunlight into food, supporting herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers in maintaining ecological balance.

     

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  2. A neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. It consists of dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. Dendrites receive impulses from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body. The impulse then passes along the axon to axon terminals, where it is transferred to another neuRead more

    A neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. It consists of dendrites, a cell body, and an axon. Dendrites receive impulses from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body. The impulse then passes along the axon to axon terminals, where it is transferred to another neuron or effector through synapses using neurotransmitters. This mechanism ensures the rapid and efficient transmission of information throughout the body.

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  3. In the cross RRyy × rrYY, the F₁ plants are RrYy (round yellow). Gametes formed are RY, Ry, rY, ry. On self-pollination, the F₂ generation shows independent assortment of traits, producing a phenotypic ratio of 9 round yellow : 3 round green : 3 wrinkled yellow : 1 wrinkled green. If 144 seeds are pRead more

    In the cross RRyy × rrYY, the F₁ plants are RrYy (round yellow). Gametes formed are RY, Ry, rY, ry. On self-pollination, the F₂ generation shows independent assortment of traits, producing a phenotypic ratio of 9 round yellow : 3 round green : 3 wrinkled yellow : 1 wrinkled green. If 144 seeds are produced, the numbers are 81, 27, 27, and 9 respectively. This experiment demonstrates Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment.

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  4. The digested food is absorbed in the small intestine, mainly through the inner walls lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi. These villi greatly increase the surface area for absorption. Each villus contains blood capillaries and lymph vessels that transport nutrients. The digested nutRead more

    The digested food is absorbed in the small intestine, mainly through the inner walls lined with tiny finger-like projections called villi. These villi greatly increase the surface area for absorption. Each villus contains blood capillaries and lymph vessels that transport nutrients. The digested nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol pass through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream and lymph. From there, they are carried to different parts of the body for energy, growth, and repair.

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  5. Boiled eggs are rich in proteins. Protein digestion begins in the stomach. The gastric glands present in the stomach wall secrete gastric juice containing pepsin enzyme and hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid creates an acidic medium, which activates pepsin from its inactive form, pepsinogen. PepsiRead more

    Boiled eggs are rich in proteins. Protein digestion begins in the stomach. The gastric glands present in the stomach wall secrete gastric juice containing pepsin enzyme and hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid creates an acidic medium, which activates pepsin from its inactive form, pepsinogen. Pepsin then breaks down complex protein molecules into smaller peptides. The mucus secreted by the stomach lining protects it from acid damage. Thus, the stomach is the first site where protein digestion starts effectively in humans.

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