Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced token currency because the empire faced a shortage of silver, an essential metal for minting coins. He issued bronze and copper coins, expecting people to exchange them at fixed values like silver coins. However, there was no strict control over mints, and counterfeitRead more
Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced token currency because the empire faced a shortage of silver, an essential metal for minting coins. He issued bronze and copper coins, expecting people to exchange them at fixed values like silver coins. However, there was no strict control over mints, and counterfeit coins flooded the market. Traders refused to accept the new currency, disrupting the economy. People minted fake coins at home, leading to a financial disaster. Eventually, Muhammad bin Tughlaq withdrew the tokens and compensated citizens by exchanging the coins for silver, causing huge losses to the treasury and damaging his administrative reputation.
Mahmud Ghaznavi’s acceptance of the title “Sultan” from the Abbasid Khalifa was a major turning point in medieval Islamic politics. This title symbolized not just royal authority but also religious legitimacy granted by the world’s most respected Islamic institution. By becoming the first ruler of GRead more
Mahmud Ghaznavi’s acceptance of the title “Sultan” from the Abbasid Khalifa was a major turning point in medieval Islamic politics. This title symbolized not just royal authority but also religious legitimacy granted by the world’s most respected Islamic institution. By becoming the first ruler of Ghazni to hold this title, Mahmud projected himself as a guardian of Sunni Islam and an independent sovereign rather than a regional chief. This recognition helped him strengthen relations with powerful Islamic states and boosted his influence in Central Asia. It also encouraged him to undertake ambitious military campaigns, especially his well-known invasions of India.
Mahmud Ghaznavi’s attack on the Somnath Temple is remembered as one of the most dramatic events in medieval Indian history. Somnath was not only a sacred pilgrimage site but also a wealthy coastal trade center. Mahmud’s long journey across the Thar Desert showed his determination to capture its richRead more
Mahmud Ghaznavi’s attack on the Somnath Temple is remembered as one of the most dramatic events in medieval Indian history. Somnath was not only a sacred pilgrimage site but also a wealthy coastal trade center. Mahmud’s long journey across the Thar Desert showed his determination to capture its riches. The temple had legendary treasures, and its destruction shocked many Indian kingdoms. The enormous wealth Mahmud carried back strengthened Ghazni’s economy and funded large architectural projects, including palaces and mosques. This invasion also contributed to Mahmud’s lasting reputation as a formidable conqueror who could target even the most secure and prosperous regions.
The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) deeply influenced European nationalist feelings. Educated Europeans viewed Greece as the birthplace of ancient civilization and democracy. Greek struggle against Ottoman rule was seen as a fight between European liberty and Eastern despotism. Poets and artisRead more
The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) deeply influenced European nationalist feelings.
Educated Europeans viewed Greece as the birthplace of ancient civilization and democracy.
Greek struggle against Ottoman rule was seen as a fight between European liberty and Eastern despotism.
Poets and artists like Lord Byron and Delacroix glorified Greek heroism and sacrifice.
Public sympathy grew and volunteers from across Europe joined Greek fighters.
Many European governments were compelled to support Greece diplomatically and militarily.
This movement strengthened the idea of nationalism and inspired other European nations to fight for their own freedom, making the Greek struggle a symbol of unity, pride and resistance against oppression.
After 1871, the Balkans were called the “powder keg of Europe” because of growing instability. The weakening Ottoman Empire encouraged different nationalities like Serbs, Greeks and Bulgarians to demand independence. Strong feelings of nationalism made each group dream of creating its own nation. BiRead more
After 1871, the Balkans were called the “powder keg of Europe” because of growing instability.
The weakening Ottoman Empire encouraged different nationalities like Serbs, Greeks and Bulgarians to demand independence.
Strong feelings of nationalism made each group dream of creating its own nation.
Big powers like Russia, Germany, England and Austria-Hungary interfered to expand influence in the region.
Frequent conflicts among these powers turned the Balkans into a center of political tension.
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo triggered the First World War.
Thus, intense nationalism, foreign rivalry and political ambitions made the Balkans one of the most explosive regions in Europe after 1871.
Who introduced token currency in the form of copper coins between 1329 and 1330? (A) Alauddin Khilji (B) Muhammad bin Tughlaq (C) Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq (D) Firoz Tughlaq
Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced token currency because the empire faced a shortage of silver, an essential metal for minting coins. He issued bronze and copper coins, expecting people to exchange them at fixed values like silver coins. However, there was no strict control over mints, and counterfeitRead more
Muhammad bin Tughlaq introduced token currency because the empire faced a shortage of silver, an essential metal for minting coins. He issued bronze and copper coins, expecting people to exchange them at fixed values like silver coins. However, there was no strict control over mints, and counterfeit coins flooded the market. Traders refused to accept the new currency, disrupting the economy. People minted fake coins at home, leading to a financial disaster. Eventually, Muhammad bin Tughlaq withdrew the tokens and compensated citizens by exchanging the coins for silver, causing huge losses to the treasury and damaging his administrative reputation.
ANSWER:
(B) Muhammad bin Tughlaq
See lessWho was the first ruler of Ghazni to assume or accept the title of Sultan from the Khalifa and become the first ruler to be called Sultan?
Mahmud Ghaznavi’s acceptance of the title “Sultan” from the Abbasid Khalifa was a major turning point in medieval Islamic politics. This title symbolized not just royal authority but also religious legitimacy granted by the world’s most respected Islamic institution. By becoming the first ruler of GRead more
Mahmud Ghaznavi’s acceptance of the title “Sultan” from the Abbasid Khalifa was a major turning point in medieval Islamic politics. This title symbolized not just royal authority but also religious legitimacy granted by the world’s most respected Islamic institution. By becoming the first ruler of Ghazni to hold this title, Mahmud projected himself as a guardian of Sunni Islam and an independent sovereign rather than a regional chief. This recognition helped him strengthen relations with powerful Islamic states and boosted his influence in Central Asia. It also encouraged him to undertake ambitious military campaigns, especially his well-known invasions of India.
See lessAmong all the invasions of Mahmud Ghaznavi (1000 AD – 1026 AD), which was the most important?
Mahmud Ghaznavi’s attack on the Somnath Temple is remembered as one of the most dramatic events in medieval Indian history. Somnath was not only a sacred pilgrimage site but also a wealthy coastal trade center. Mahmud’s long journey across the Thar Desert showed his determination to capture its richRead more
Mahmud Ghaznavi’s attack on the Somnath Temple is remembered as one of the most dramatic events in medieval Indian history. Somnath was not only a sacred pilgrimage site but also a wealthy coastal trade center. Mahmud’s long journey across the Thar Desert showed his determination to capture its riches. The temple had legendary treasures, and its destruction shocked many Indian kingdoms. The enormous wealth Mahmud carried back strengthened Ghazni’s economy and funded large architectural projects, including palaces and mosques. This invasion also contributed to Mahmud’s lasting reputation as a formidable conqueror who could target even the most secure and prosperous regions.
ANSWER:
(C) Invasion of Somnath Temple (1025–1026 AD)
See lessHow did the Greek war of Independence mobilised nationalist feeling among the educated elite across Europe? Give any five points.
The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) deeply influenced European nationalist feelings. Educated Europeans viewed Greece as the birthplace of ancient civilization and democracy. Greek struggle against Ottoman rule was seen as a fight between European liberty and Eastern despotism. Poets and artisRead more
The Greek War of Independence (1821–1829) deeply influenced European nationalist feelings.
- Educated Europeans viewed Greece as the birthplace of ancient civilization and democracy.
- Greek struggle against Ottoman rule was seen as a fight between European liberty and Eastern despotism.
- Poets and artists like Lord Byron and Delacroix glorified Greek heroism and sacrifice.
- Public sympathy grew and volunteers from across Europe joined Greek fighters.
- Many European governments were compelled to support Greece diplomatically and militarily.
See lessThis movement strengthened the idea of nationalism and inspired other European nations to fight for their own freedom, making the Greek struggle a symbol of unity, pride and resistance against oppression.
Describe the explosive conditions prevailed in Balkans after 1871 in Europe. Give any five points.
After 1871, the Balkans were called the “powder keg of Europe” because of growing instability. The weakening Ottoman Empire encouraged different nationalities like Serbs, Greeks and Bulgarians to demand independence. Strong feelings of nationalism made each group dream of creating its own nation. BiRead more
After 1871, the Balkans were called the “powder keg of Europe” because of growing instability.
- The weakening Ottoman Empire encouraged different nationalities like Serbs, Greeks and Bulgarians to demand independence.
- Strong feelings of nationalism made each group dream of creating its own nation.
- Big powers like Russia, Germany, England and Austria-Hungary interfered to expand influence in the region.
- Frequent conflicts among these powers turned the Balkans into a center of political tension.
- The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo triggered the First World War.
See lessThus, intense nationalism, foreign rivalry and political ambitions made the Balkans one of the most explosive regions in Europe after 1871.