1. As head of the government, the Prime Minister has wide-ranging powers. (i) He chairs the Cabinet meetings. (ii) He coordinates the work of different departments. (iii) He supervises different ministries. (iv) His decisions are final in case disagreements arise between departments. (v) He distributesRead more

    As head of the government, the Prime Minister has wide-ranging powers.
    (i) He chairs the Cabinet meetings.
    (ii) He coordinates the work of different departments.
    (iii) He supervises different ministries.
    (iv) His decisions are final in case disagreements arise between departments.
    (v) He distributes and redistributes work to the ministers.
    (vi) He also has the power to dismiss ministers.
    When the Prime Minister quits, the entire ministry quits.

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  2. The Council of Ministers are classified as follows: (i) Cabinet Ministers: They are usually top-level leaders of the ruling party or parties who are in charge of the major ministries. Usually, the Cabinet Ministers meet to take decisions in the name of the Council of Ministers, (ii) Ministers of StaRead more

    The Council of Ministers are classified as follows:
    (i) Cabinet Ministers: They are usually top-level leaders of the ruling party
    or parties who are in charge of the major ministries. Usually, the Cabinet
    Ministers meet to take decisions in the name of the Council of Ministers,
    (ii) Ministers of State with independent charge: They are usually in charge
    of smaller ministries. They participate in the cabinet meeting only when
    they are specially invited.
    (iii) Ministers of State: They are attached to and are required to assist the
    Cabinet Ministers.

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  3. (i) The civil servants are usually more educated and have more expert knowledge of the subject. (ii) The advisors working in the Finance Ministry know more about economics than the Finance Minister-. (iii) Sometimes, ministers may know very little about the technical matters that come under their miRead more

    (i) The civil servants are usually more educated and have more expert
    knowledge of the subject.
    (ii) The advisors working in the Finance Ministry know more about
    economics than the Finance Minister-.
    (iii) Sometimes, ministers may know very little about the technical matters
    that come under their ministry, but they are supported in all these
    matters by the civil servants.
    This could easily happen in ministries like the Defense, Industry, Health,
    Science and Technology, Mining, etc.

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  4. (i) Political Executive: one what is elected by the people for a specific period is called the 'political executive'. Political leaders who take big decisions fall in this category. (ii) Permanent Executive: In this category, people are appointed on a long term basis. This is called the permanent exRead more

    (i) Political Executive: one what is elected by the people for a specific
    period is called the ‘political executive’. Political leaders who take big
    decisions fall in this category.
    (ii) Permanent Executive: In this category, people are appointed on a long term basis. This is called the permanent executive or civil services. They
    are the civil servants. They remain in office even when the ruling party
    changes. These officers work under ministers and assist them in carrying
    out the day-to-day administration.

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  5. (i) Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the Houses. But if there is a difference between the two Houses, the final decision is taken in a joint session. However, since the number of members in the Lok Sabha are more; their view or decision is more likely to prevail. (ii) The Lok Sabha exerciRead more

    (i) Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the Houses. But if there is
    a difference between the two Houses, the final decision is taken in a joint
    session. However, since the number of members in the Lok Sabha are
    more; their view or decision is more likely to prevail.
    (ii) The Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters. Once the Lok
    Sabha passes the budget of the government or any other money related
    law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can delay it only
    by 14 days or can suggest changes in it. The Lok Sabha may or may not
    accept the change.
    (iii) The Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers. If the majority of the
    Lok Sabha members say that they have ‘no confidence in the Council
    of Ministers; all the ministers including the Prime Minister, have to quit.
    The Rajya Sabha does not have this power.

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