1. (i) British rule was gradually established in India after the Battle of Plassey (1757). (ii) During the period of colonial rule, the rural landscape was transformed. (iii) The British found land revenue as a major source of government income. (iv) Efforts were made to impose a regular system of landRead more

    (i) British rule was gradually established in India after the Battle of Plassey
    (1757).
    (ii) During the period of colonial rule, the rural landscape was transformed.
    (iii) The British found land revenue as a major source of government
    income.
    (iv) Efforts were made to impose a regular system of land revenue, increase
    revenue rates and expand the area under cultivation’

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  2. (i) They occurred because of the persistent droughts in that area. (ii) The rains failed year after year and temperatures soared. The wind blew with ferocious speed. (iii) But ordinary duststorms became black blizzards only because the entire landscape had been ploughed over and the grass was ruinedRead more

    (i) They occurred because of the persistent droughts in that area.
    (ii) The rains failed year after year and temperatures soared. The wind blew
    with ferocious speed.
    (iii) But ordinary duststorms became black blizzards only because the entire
    landscape had been ploughed over and the grass was ruined which
    could hold soil.
    (iv) When wheat cultivation had expanded dramatically in the early 19th
    century, zealous farmers had recklessly uprooted all vegetation, and
    tractors had turned the soil over and broken the sod into dust. The
    whole region had become a Dust Bowl.

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  3. (i) For the poorer farmers, machines brought misery. (ii) They got loans from banks to buy these machines. (iii) Those who borrowed found it difficult to repay their debts' (iv) Many of them deserted their farms and looked for jobs elsewhere. (v) But jobs were difficult to find as mechanisation hadRead more

    (i) For the poorer farmers, machines brought misery.
    (ii) They got loans from banks to buy these machines.
    (iii) Those who borrowed found it difficult to repay their debts’
    (iv) Many of them deserted their farms and looked for jobs elsewhere.
    (v) But jobs were difficult to find as mechanisation had reduced the need
    for labour.
    (vi) Production had expanded so rapidly during the war and post-war. Years
    that there was surplus.
    (vii) Wheat prices fell due to overproduction and export markets collapsed.
    This created the ground for the Great Agrarian Depression of the 1930s
    that ruined wheat farmers everywhere.

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  4. (i) The urban population in the US was growing and the export market was becoming even bigger. (ii) As the demand increased, wheat prices rose encouraging farmers to produce wheat. (iii) The spread of the railways made it easy to transport the grain from the wheat growing regions to the eastern coasRead more

    (i) The urban population in the US was growing and the export market was
    becoming even bigger.
    (ii) As the demand increased, wheat prices rose encouraging farmers to
    produce wheat.
    (iii) The spread of the railways made it easy to transport the grain from the
    wheat growing regions to the eastern coast for export’
    (iv) During the World War, the world market boomed. Russians wheat
    supply was cut-off and US had to feed Europe’
    (v) US President rightly said, “Plant more wheat, wheat will win the war.”

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  5. (i) After the American war of independence and the formation of the USA, the White Americans began to move westward. (ii) They felt that this area could be cleared and turned into cultivated fields. Forest timber could be cut for export and mountains could be mined for gold and minerals. (iii) ThenRead more

    (i) After the American war of independence and the formation of the USA,
    the White Americans began to move westward.
    (ii) They felt that this area could be cleared and turned into cultivated fields.
    Forest timber could be cut for export and mountains could be mined for
    gold and minerals.
    (iii) Then the US government opted for a policy to drive the American
    Indians westward first beyond the Mississippi river and then further
    west.
    (iv) Many wars were waged against Indians in which many Indians were
    killed and their villages were burnt.
    (v) The Indians resisted, triumphed in many wars but were ultimately
    forced to sign treaties, give up their land and move westward.

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