(i) When soldiers returned to their villagers, they needed alternative jobs to survive. (ii) But during this time, grain from Europe began flowing into England, prices declined and agricultural depression set in. (iii) Landowners began reducing the area they cultivated and demanded that the importsRead more
(i) When soldiers returned to their villagers, they needed alternative jobs to
survive.
(ii) But during this time, grain from Europe began flowing into England,
prices declined and agricultural depression set in.
(iii) Landowners began reducing the area they cultivated and demanded
that the imports of crops be stopped.
(iv) They tried to cut wages and the number of workmen they emploved.
The unemployed poor moved from village to village in search of jobs.
(i) During the Napoleonic wars, prices of foodgrains were high and farmers expanded their production. (ii) Fearing a shortage of labour, they began buying the new threshing machines that had come into the market. (iii) They complained about the drinking habits of the labourers, thereby making it difRead more
(i) During the Napoleonic wars, prices of foodgrains were high and farmers
expanded their production.
(ii) Fearing a shortage of labour, they began buying the new threshing
machines that had come into the market.
(iii) They complained about the drinking habits of the labourers, thereby
making it difficult for them to work.
(iv) They thought that machines would help them reduce their dependence
on labourers.
(i) The poor could no longer collect their firewood from the forests or graze their cattle on the commons. (ii) They could no longer collect apples and berries or hunt animals for meat. (iii) Nor could they gather the stalks that lay on the fields after the crops were cut. (iv) The poor were displacRead more
(i) The poor could no longer collect their firewood from the forests or graze
their cattle on the commons.
(ii) They could no longer collect apples and berries or hunt animals for meat.
(iii) Nor could they gather the stalks that lay on the fields after the crops
were cut.
(iv) The poor were displaced from their lands and they found their customary
rights gradually disappearing.
(v) Some of them moved to the southern counties of England, where there
was a great demand for agricultural labourers.
(vi) For them work became insecure, employment uncertain and income
unstable.
(i) Enclosures began in the 18th century for grain production. (ii) The English population was increasing rapidly. (iii) This led to increased demand for foodgrains to feed the population. (iv) Britain at that time was industrialising and more and more people were migrating to towns in search of jobRead more
(i) Enclosures began in the 18th century for grain production.
(ii) The English population was increasing rapidly.
(iii) This led to increased demand for foodgrains to feed the population.
(iv) Britain at that time was industrialising and more and more people were
migrating to towns in search of jobs. A the urban population grew, the
demand for foodgrains increased, thereby pressurising the peasants to
fulfil the demand.
(i) All villagers had access to the commons. (ii) Here, they pastured their cows and grazed their sheep. (iii) They collected fuelwood for fire and berries and fruits for food. (iv) They fished in the rivers and ponds and hunted rabbits in common forests. (v) For the poor, the common land was essentRead more
(i) All villagers had access to the commons.
(ii) Here, they pastured their cows and grazed their sheep.
(iii) They collected fuelwood for fire and berries and fruits for food.
(iv) They fished in the rivers and ponds and hunted rabbits in common forests.
(v) For the poor, the common land was essential for survival.
(vi) It supplemented their meagre income, sustained their cattle and helped
them during bad times when crops failed.
(i) Earlier, it was common for labourers to live with landowners. They were at the master's table and helped their master through the year, doing a variety of jobs. (ii) By 1800, this practice began to disappear. Labourers were being paid wages and employed only during harvest times. (iii) As landowRead more
(i) Earlier, it was common for labourers to live with landowners. They were
at the master’s table and helped their master through the year, doing a
variety of jobs.
(ii) By 1800, this practice began to disappear. Labourers were being paid
wages and employed only during harvest times.
(iii) As landowners tried to increase their profits, they cut the amount they
had to spend on other workmen. Workers became insecure, employment
uncertain and income unstable. For a very large part of the veal, the
poor had no work.
(i) Riot spread all over southern England and near about 387 threshing machines were broken. (ii) Through this period, farmers received threatening letters urging them to stop using machines that deprived workmen of their- livelihood. (iii) Most of these letters were signed in the name of Captain SwRead more
(i) Riot spread all over southern England and near about 387 threshing
machines were broken.
(ii) Through this period, farmers received threatening letters urging them
to stop using machines that deprived workmen of their- livelihood.
(iii) Most of these letters were signed in the name of Captain Swing, who was
supposed to support the farmers to destroy threshing machines’
(i) The British would procure opium at cheap rates. They would sell it at a high price to the opium agents in calcutta, who then shipped it to China. (ii) This difference between the buying and selling price was the government,s opium revenue. (iii) The prices given to the peasants were so low thatRead more
(i) The British would procure opium at cheap rates. They would sell it at
a high price to the opium agents in calcutta, who then shipped it to
China.
(ii) This difference between the buying and selling price was the government,s
opium revenue.
(iii) The prices given to the peasants were so low that by the early 18th
century, angry peasants began agitating for higher prices and refused to
take advances.
(iv) some cultivators around Benaras stopped cultivating opium and started
producing sugarcane and potato instead. some cultivators sold off their
opium crop to travelling traders called pykars, who offered them higher prices.
(i) The Western merchants could buy tea only by paving in silver coins or bullion. (ii) It meant outflows of treasure from England, as it would deplete the wealth of the nation. (iii) The merchants therefore looked for ways to stop this loss of silver. (iv) They searched for a commodity they could sRead more
(i) The Western merchants could buy tea only by paving in silver coins or bullion.
(ii) It meant outflows of treasure from England, as it would deplete the
wealth of the nation.
(iii) The merchants therefore looked for ways to stop this loss of silver.
(iv) They searched for a commodity they could sell in China, something they
could persuade the chinese to buy. so, opium was one such commodity.
(i) In the late 18th century, the English East India Company was buying tea and silk from China for sale in England. (ii) But England at that time produced nothing that could be easily sold in China. (iii) The Confucian rulers of China, the Manchus were suspicious of all foreign merchants. (iv) TheyRead more
(i) In the late 18th century, the English East India Company was buying tea
and silk from China for sale in England.
(ii) But England at that time produced nothing that could be easily sold in China.
(iii) The Confucian rulers of China, the Manchus were suspicious of all
foreign merchants.
(iv) They feared that the merchants would interfere in the local politics and
disrupt their authority.
So, the Manchus rulers were not willing to allow the entry of foreign
goods into China.
What happened to the soldiers who returned to their villages from Napoleonic wars ?
(i) When soldiers returned to their villagers, they needed alternative jobs to survive. (ii) But during this time, grain from Europe began flowing into England, prices declined and agricultural depression set in. (iii) Landowners began reducing the area they cultivated and demanded that the importsRead more
(i) When soldiers returned to their villagers, they needed alternative jobs to
See lesssurvive.
(ii) But during this time, grain from Europe began flowing into England,
prices declined and agricultural depression set in.
(iii) Landowners began reducing the area they cultivated and demanded
that the imports of crops be stopped.
(iv) They tried to cut wages and the number of workmen they emploved.
The unemployed poor moved from village to village in search of jobs.
Why were threshing machines introduced by the landlords ?
(i) During the Napoleonic wars, prices of foodgrains were high and farmers expanded their production. (ii) Fearing a shortage of labour, they began buying the new threshing machines that had come into the market. (iii) They complained about the drinking habits of the labourers, thereby making it difRead more
(i) During the Napoleonic wars, prices of foodgrains were high and farmers
See lessexpanded their production.
(ii) Fearing a shortage of labour, they began buying the new threshing
machines that had come into the market.
(iii) They complained about the drinking habits of the labourers, thereby
making it difficult for them to work.
(iv) They thought that machines would help them reduce their dependence
on labourers.
What happened to the poor after the enclosure movement?
(i) The poor could no longer collect their firewood from the forests or graze their cattle on the commons. (ii) They could no longer collect apples and berries or hunt animals for meat. (iii) Nor could they gather the stalks that lay on the fields after the crops were cut. (iv) The poor were displacRead more
(i) The poor could no longer collect their firewood from the forests or graze
See lesstheir cattle on the commons.
(ii) They could no longer collect apples and berries or hunt animals for meat.
(iii) Nor could they gather the stalks that lay on the fields after the crops
were cut.
(iv) The poor were displaced from their lands and they found their customary
rights gradually disappearing.
(v) Some of them moved to the southern counties of England, where there
was a great demand for agricultural labourers.
(vi) For them work became insecure, employment uncertain and income
unstable.
Why did enclosures begin by the end of the 18th century?
(i) Enclosures began in the 18th century for grain production. (ii) The English population was increasing rapidly. (iii) This led to increased demand for foodgrains to feed the population. (iv) Britain at that time was industrialising and more and more people were migrating to towns in search of jobRead more
(i) Enclosures began in the 18th century for grain production.
See less(ii) The English population was increasing rapidly.
(iii) This led to increased demand for foodgrains to feed the population.
(iv) Britain at that time was industrialising and more and more people were
migrating to towns in search of jobs. A the urban population grew, the
demand for foodgrains increased, thereby pressurising the peasants to
fulfil the demand.
What does ‘common land’ mean to the English countryside peasant ?
(i) All villagers had access to the commons. (ii) Here, they pastured their cows and grazed their sheep. (iii) They collected fuelwood for fire and berries and fruits for food. (iv) They fished in the rivers and ponds and hunted rabbits in common forests. (v) For the poor, the common land was essentRead more
(i) All villagers had access to the commons.
See less(ii) Here, they pastured their cows and grazed their sheep.
(iii) They collected fuelwood for fire and berries and fruits for food.
(iv) They fished in the rivers and ponds and hunted rabbits in common forests.
(v) For the poor, the common land was essential for survival.
(vi) It supplemented their meagre income, sustained their cattle and helped
them during bad times when crops failed.
How did the condition of secured labourers become insecure ?
(i) Earlier, it was common for labourers to live with landowners. They were at the master's table and helped their master through the year, doing a variety of jobs. (ii) By 1800, this practice began to disappear. Labourers were being paid wages and employed only during harvest times. (iii) As landowRead more
(i) Earlier, it was common for labourers to live with landowners. They were
See lessat the master’s table and helped their master through the year, doing a
variety of jobs.
(ii) By 1800, this practice began to disappear. Labourers were being paid
wages and employed only during harvest times.
(iii) As landowners tried to increase their profits, they cut the amount they
had to spend on other workmen. Workers became insecure, employment
uncertain and income unstable. For a very large part of the veal, the
poor had no work.
Why were threshing machines opposed by some labourers ?
(i) Riot spread all over southern England and near about 387 threshing machines were broken. (ii) Through this period, farmers received threatening letters urging them to stop using machines that deprived workmen of their- livelihood. (iii) Most of these letters were signed in the name of Captain SwRead more
(i) Riot spread all over southern England and near about 387 threshing
See lessmachines were broken.
(ii) Through this period, farmers received threatening letters urging them
to stop using machines that deprived workmen of their- livelihood.
(iii) Most of these letters were signed in the name of Captain Swing, who was
supposed to support the farmers to destroy threshing machines’
why did Indian peasants begin to agitate against the low prices of opium ?
(i) The British would procure opium at cheap rates. They would sell it at a high price to the opium agents in calcutta, who then shipped it to China. (ii) This difference between the buying and selling price was the government,s opium revenue. (iii) The prices given to the peasants were so low thatRead more
(i) The British would procure opium at cheap rates. They would sell it at
See lessa high price to the opium agents in calcutta, who then shipped it to
China.
(ii) This difference between the buying and selling price was the government,s
opium revenue.
(iii) The prices given to the peasants were so low that by the early 18th
century, angry peasants began agitating for higher prices and refused to
take advances.
(iv) some cultivators around Benaras stopped cultivating opium and started
producing sugarcane and potato instead. some cultivators sold off their
opium crop to travelling traders called pykars, who offered them higher prices.
How could the western merchants balance their trade with china ?
(i) The Western merchants could buy tea only by paving in silver coins or bullion. (ii) It meant outflows of treasure from England, as it would deplete the wealth of the nation. (iii) The merchants therefore looked for ways to stop this loss of silver. (iv) They searched for a commodity they could sRead more
(i) The Western merchants could buy tea only by paving in silver coins or bullion.
See less(ii) It meant outflows of treasure from England, as it would deplete the
wealth of the nation.
(iii) The merchants therefore looked for ways to stop this loss of silver.
(iv) They searched for a commodity they could sell in China, something they
could persuade the chinese to buy. so, opium was one such commodity.
why were the Manchus rulers not willing to allow the entry of foreign goods into China ?
(i) In the late 18th century, the English East India Company was buying tea and silk from China for sale in England. (ii) But England at that time produced nothing that could be easily sold in China. (iii) The Confucian rulers of China, the Manchus were suspicious of all foreign merchants. (iv) TheyRead more
(i) In the late 18th century, the English East India Company was buying tea
See lessand silk from China for sale in England.
(ii) But England at that time produced nothing that could be easily sold in China.
(iii) The Confucian rulers of China, the Manchus were suspicious of all
foreign merchants.
(iv) They feared that the merchants would interfere in the local politics and
disrupt their authority.
So, the Manchus rulers were not willing to allow the entry of foreign
goods into China.