(i) By bringing more lands under cultivation. (ii) Landlords sliced up pasturelands, carved up open fields, cut up forests, took over marshes and turned larger and larger areas into agricultural fields. (iii) Farmers continued to use simple innovations in agriculture for better production.
(i) By bringing more lands under cultivation.
(ii) Landlords sliced up pasturelands, carved up open fields, cut up forests,
took over marshes and turned larger and larger areas into agricultural
fields.
(iii) Farmers continued to use simple innovations in agriculture for better
production.
(i) France was at war with England, which disrupted trade and import of foodgrains from Europe. (ii) Prices of foodgrains in England shot up, thereby encouraging landlords to enclose lands. (iii) They had enlarged the area under grain cultivation. Profits flowed in and landowners pressurised the ParRead more
(i) France was at war with England, which disrupted trade and import of
foodgrains from Europe.
(ii) Prices of foodgrains in England shot up, thereby encouraging landlords
to enclose lands.
(iii) They had enlarged the area under grain cultivation. Profits flowed in
and landowners pressurised the Parliament to pass the Enclosure Act.
(i) The early enclosures were usually created by individual landlords. (ii) They were not supported by the State or the church. (iii) After the mid-eighteenth century, the enclosure movement swept through the countryside and changed the English landscape forever. Ultimately, the British Parliament cRead more
(i) The early enclosures were usually created by individual landlords.
(ii) They were not supported by the State or the church.
(iii) After the mid-eighteenth century, the enclosure movement swept through
the countryside and changed the English landscape forever.
Ultimately, the British Parliament could no longer watch this process
from a distance and passed 4,000 Acts legalising these enclosures.
(i) Rich farmers started dividing and enclosing common land and building hedges around their holdings to separate their property from others. (ii) They drove out villagers who had small cottages on the commons. (iii) They also prevented the poor farmers from entering the enclosed fields.
(i) Rich farmers started dividing and enclosing common land and building
hedges around their holdings to separate their property from others.
(ii) They drove out villagers who had small cottages on the commons.
(iii) They also prevented the poor farmers from entering the enclosed
fields.
(i) When the price of wool l\rent up in the world market in the 16th century, rich farmers wanted to expand wool production and earn more profit. (ii) They wanted to improve rvool production b,v improving the sheep breeds. (iii) They rvele keen on controlling large ar-eas of land to allow improved bRead more
(i) When the price of wool l\rent up in the world market in the 16th century,
rich farmers wanted to expand wool production and earn more profit.
(ii) They wanted to improve rvool production b,v improving the sheep breeds.
(iii) They rvele keen on controlling large ar-eas of land to allow improved
breeding. So they began enclosing common lands.
Government wanted to produce opium at a cheap rate and sell it at pr-ice to opium agents in Calcutta and then ship to China. This difference between the buying and selling price was the government's opium revenue.
Government wanted to produce opium at a cheap rate and sell it at pr-ice to
opium agents in Calcutta and then ship to China. This difference between
the buying and selling price was the government’s opium revenue.
They were government opium agents who were advancing the money to the headmen, who in turn gave it to the cultivators. By taking the loan the cultivator was forced to grow opium on specified at'ea of land and hand over the produce to the agents once the crop had been harvested.
They were government opium agents who were advancing the money to
the headmen, who in turn gave it to the cultivators. By taking the loan the
cultivator was forced to grow opium on specified at’ea of land and hand over
the produce to the agents once the crop had been harvested.
How was increase in food production made possible ?
(i) By bringing more lands under cultivation. (ii) Landlords sliced up pasturelands, carved up open fields, cut up forests, took over marshes and turned larger and larger areas into agricultural fields. (iii) Farmers continued to use simple innovations in agriculture for better production.
(i) By bringing more lands under cultivation.
See less(ii) Landlords sliced up pasturelands, carved up open fields, cut up forests,
took over marshes and turned larger and larger areas into agricultural
fields.
(iii) Farmers continued to use simple innovations in agriculture for better
production.
Why did the landlords pressurise the British Parliament to pass the Enclosure Act ?
(i) France was at war with England, which disrupted trade and import of foodgrains from Europe. (ii) Prices of foodgrains in England shot up, thereby encouraging landlords to enclose lands. (iii) They had enlarged the area under grain cultivation. Profits flowed in and landowners pressurised the ParRead more
(i) France was at war with England, which disrupted trade and import of
See lessfoodgrains from Europe.
(ii) Prices of foodgrains in England shot up, thereby encouraging landlords
to enclose lands.
(iii) They had enlarged the area under grain cultivation. Profits flowed in
and landowners pressurised the Parliament to pass the Enclosure Act.
How did the’enclosure movement’proceed in England ?
(i) The early enclosures were usually created by individual landlords. (ii) They were not supported by the State or the church. (iii) After the mid-eighteenth century, the enclosure movement swept through the countryside and changed the English landscape forever. Ultimately, the British Parliament cRead more
(i) The early enclosures were usually created by individual landlords.
See less(ii) They were not supported by the State or the church.
(iii) After the mid-eighteenth century, the enclosure movement swept through
the countryside and changed the English landscape forever.
Ultimately, the British Parliament could no longer watch this process
from a distance and passed 4,000 Acts legalising these enclosures.
How were common lands changed into enclosed lands by the rich farmers ?
(i) Rich farmers started dividing and enclosing common land and building hedges around their holdings to separate their property from others. (ii) They drove out villagers who had small cottages on the commons. (iii) They also prevented the poor farmers from entering the enclosed fields.
(i) Rich farmers started dividing and enclosing common land and building
See lesshedges around their holdings to separate their property from others.
(ii) They drove out villagers who had small cottages on the commons.
(iii) They also prevented the poor farmers from entering the enclosed
fields.
What were the reasons for starting the ‘enclosure movement’ in England ?
(i) When the price of wool l\rent up in the world market in the 16th century, rich farmers wanted to expand wool production and earn more profit. (ii) They wanted to improve rvool production b,v improving the sheep breeds. (iii) They rvele keen on controlling large ar-eas of land to allow improved bRead more
(i) When the price of wool l\rent up in the world market in the 16th century,
See lessrich farmers wanted to expand wool production and earn more profit.
(ii) They wanted to improve rvool production b,v improving the sheep breeds.
(iii) They rvele keen on controlling large ar-eas of land to allow improved
breeding. So they began enclosing common lands.
Who was Captain Swing ? What did the name symbolise ?
Captain Swing was an imaginary name used for Swing rioters. It symbolised the protest made against the use of threshing machines by rich farmers.
Captain Swing was an imaginary name used for Swing rioters. It symbolised
See lessthe protest made against the use of threshing machines by rich farmers.
In which parts of India was opium produced ?
Opium was produced in Central India and Rajesthan, within princely states which were not under British control.
Opium was produced in Central India and Rajesthan, within princely states
See lesswhich were not under British control.
What was the government’s opium revenue ?
Government wanted to produce opium at a cheap rate and sell it at pr-ice to opium agents in Calcutta and then ship to China. This difference between the buying and selling price was the government's opium revenue.
Government wanted to produce opium at a cheap rate and sell it at pr-ice to
See lessopium agents in Calcutta and then ship to China. This difference between
the buying and selling price was the government’s opium revenue.
What was the role of an opium agent in opium production ?
They were government opium agents who were advancing the money to the headmen, who in turn gave it to the cultivators. By taking the loan the cultivator was forced to grow opium on specified at'ea of land and hand over the produce to the agents once the crop had been harvested.
They were government opium agents who were advancing the money to
See lessthe headmen, who in turn gave it to the cultivators. By taking the loan the
cultivator was forced to grow opium on specified at’ea of land and hand over
the produce to the agents once the crop had been harvested.
What was opium primarily known for ?
Opium was primarily known for medical properties and used in minuscule quantities for certain types of medicine.
Opium was primarily known for medical properties and used in minuscule
See lessquantities for certain types of medicine.