A quick growing crop which is cultivated and ploughed under, to incorporate it into the soil for the purpose of improving its physical structure and fertility, is known as green manure. For example, sunn hemp (sanai)- Crotalaria juncea.
A quick growing crop which is cultivated and ploughed under, to incorporate it into the soil for the purpose of improving its physical structure and fertility, is known as green manure. For example, sunn hemp (sanai)- Crotalaria juncea.
Manure is partially decomposed organic matter formed from animal wastes (such as dung of cattle) and crop residue that is added to soil for increase in fertility.
Manure is partially decomposed organic matter formed from animal wastes (such as dung of cattle) and crop residue that is added to soil for increase in fertility.
Advantages : The advantages of the PDS are as follows: (a) The PDS has proved to be the most effective instrument of government policy over the years in stabilising prices and making food available to consumers at affordable prices. (b) It has been instrumental in averting widespread hunger and famiRead more
Advantages : The advantages of the PDS are as follows:
(a) The PDS has proved to be the most effective instrument of government policy over the years in stabilising prices and making food available to consumers at affordable prices.
(b) It has been instrumental in averting widespread hunger and famine by supplying food from surplus regions of the country to the deficit ones.
(c) In addition, the prices have been under revision in favour of poor households in general.
(d) The system, including the minimum support price and procurement has contributed to an increase in food grain production and provided income security to farmers in certain regions. Drawbacks : Instances of hunger are prevalent despite overflowing granaries.
(a) The PDS dealers are sometimes found resorting to malpractices like diverting the grains to open market to get better margin, selling poor quality grains at ration shops, irregular opening of the shops.
(b) It is common to find that ration shops regularly have unsold stocks of poor quality grains left.
(c) Now with the introduction of three types of ration cards, any family above the poverty line gets very little discount at the ration shop. The price for APL family is almost as high as open market price, so there is little incentive for them to buy these items from the ration shop.
The Government of India has taken following steps to ensure food security in the country: (i) Rationing was introduced in the 1940s, against the backdrop of the Bengal famine of 1943. (ii) Rationing system was revived in independent India during the acute food shortage in 1960s. (iii) In the mid-197Read more
The Government of India has taken following steps to ensure food security in the
country:
(i) Rationing was introduced in the 1940s, against the backdrop of the Bengal famine of 1943.
(ii) Rationing system was revived in independent India during the acute food shortage in 1960s.
(iii) In the mid-1970s, three important food intervention programmes were introduced. These were – Public Distribution System for food grains, Integrated Child Development Services and Food-for-Work.
(iv) Various Poverty Alleviation Programmes (PAPs) mostly in rural areas have been
introduced. These have an explicit food component also. While PDS and mid-day meals are exclusively for food security programmes, most of the PAPs too enhance food security. Employment programmes greatly contribute to food security by increasing the income of the poor.
(i) In the 1970s, food security was understood as the "availability at all times of adequate supply of basic food-stuffs". (ii) Amartya Sen added a new dimension to food security and emphasised the "access" to food through "entitlements" - a combination of "what one can produce, exchange in the markRead more
(i) In the 1970s, food security was understood as the “availability at all times of adequate supply of basic food-stuffs”.
(ii) Amartya Sen added a new dimension to food security and emphasised the “access” to food through “entitlements” – a combination of “what one can produce, exchange in the market along with state or other socially provided supplies. Thus, there has been a substantial shift in the understanding of food security.
(iii) The 1995 World Food Summit declared, “Food security at the individual, household, regional, national and global levels exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary need and food preferences for an active and healthy life” (FAO, 1996, p.3). The declaration further recognises that “poverty eradication is essential to improve access to food,’.
The main features of the Public Distribution System are as follows: (i) Public distribution is the most important step towards ensuring food security. (ii) Up to 1992, its coverage was universal with no discrimination between the poor and the non-poor. (iii) In 1992, Revamped Public Distribution SysRead more
The main features of the Public Distribution System are as follows:
(i) Public distribution is the most important step towards ensuring food security.
(ii) Up to 1992, its coverage was universal with no discrimination between the poor and the non-poor.
(iii) In 1992, Revamped Public Distribution System was introduced in 1,700 blocks in the country. The target was to provide the benefits of PDS to remote and backward areas.
(iv) From June 1997, Targeted Public Distribution System was introduced to adopt the principle of targeting the “poor in all areas”.
(v) It was for the first time that a differential price policy was adopted for poor and nonpoor.
(vi) In 2000, two special schemes were launched viz., Antyodaya Anna Yojana and the Annapurna Scheme with special target groups of “poorest of the poor” and “indigent senior citizens”, respectively. Tire functioning of these two schemes was linked with the existing network of the PDS.
(l) In Maharashtra, it has facilitate<l a network of NGOs for setting-up Grain Banks in different regions. (ii) It organises training and capacity building programmes on food security for NGOs. (iii) ADS efforts to -set Grain Banks to facilitate replication through other NGOs and to influence theRead more
(l) In Maharashtra, it has facilitate<l a network of NGOs for setting-up Grain Banks in different regions.
(ii) It organises training and capacity building programmes on food security for NGOs.
(iii) ADS efforts to -set Grain Banks to facilitate replication through other NGOs and to influence the Government's policy on food security are thus paying rich dividends. The ADS Grain Bank programme is acknowledged as a successful and innovative food security intervention.
Define intercropping.
Growing two or more crops simultaneously in a same field in definite row pattern is called intercropping.
Growing two or more crops simultaneously in a same field in definite row pattern is called intercropping.
See lessDefine irrigation.
The process of providing water to crop plants in the fields through human efforts by means of canals, wells, reservoirs, etc., is known as irrigation.
The process of providing water to crop plants in the fields through human efforts by means of canals, wells, reservoirs, etc., is known as irrigation.
See lessDefine green manure. Give one example
A quick growing crop which is cultivated and ploughed under, to incorporate it into the soil for the purpose of improving its physical structure and fertility, is known as green manure. For example, sunn hemp (sanai)- Crotalaria juncea.
A quick growing crop which is cultivated and ploughed under, to incorporate it into the soil for the purpose of improving its physical structure and fertility, is known as green manure. For example, sunn hemp (sanai)- Crotalaria juncea.
See lessWhat is manure?
Manure is partially decomposed organic matter formed from animal wastes (such as dung of cattle) and crop residue that is added to soil for increase in fertility.
Manure is partially decomposed organic matter formed from animal wastes (such as dung of cattle) and crop residue that is added to soil for increase in fertility.
See lessWhat are plant nutrients?
Plant nutrients are inorganic raw materials that are absorbed from soil (water and air) by the plant for building up organic matter.
Plant nutrients are inorganic raw materials that are absorbed from soil (water and air) by the plant for building up organic matter.
See lessDiscuss the advantages and drawbacks of the Public Distribution System (PDS).
Advantages : The advantages of the PDS are as follows: (a) The PDS has proved to be the most effective instrument of government policy over the years in stabilising prices and making food available to consumers at affordable prices. (b) It has been instrumental in averting widespread hunger and famiRead more
Advantages : The advantages of the PDS are as follows:
See less(a) The PDS has proved to be the most effective instrument of government policy over the years in stabilising prices and making food available to consumers at affordable prices.
(b) It has been instrumental in averting widespread hunger and famine by supplying food from surplus regions of the country to the deficit ones.
(c) In addition, the prices have been under revision in favour of poor households in general.
(d) The system, including the minimum support price and procurement has contributed to an increase in food grain production and provided income security to farmers in certain regions. Drawbacks : Instances of hunger are prevalent despite overflowing granaries.
(a) The PDS dealers are sometimes found resorting to malpractices like diverting the grains to open market to get better margin, selling poor quality grains at ration shops, irregular opening of the shops.
(b) It is common to find that ration shops regularly have unsold stocks of poor quality grains left.
(c) Now with the introduction of three types of ration cards, any family above the poverty line gets very little discount at the ration shop. The price for APL family is almost as high as open market price, so there is little incentive for them to buy these items from the ration shop.
Describe in brief the various steps taken by the government for ensuring food security in India.
The Government of India has taken following steps to ensure food security in the country: (i) Rationing was introduced in the 1940s, against the backdrop of the Bengal famine of 1943. (ii) Rationing system was revived in independent India during the acute food shortage in 1960s. (iii) In the mid-197Read more
The Government of India has taken following steps to ensure food security in the
See lesscountry:
(i) Rationing was introduced in the 1940s, against the backdrop of the Bengal famine of 1943.
(ii) Rationing system was revived in independent India during the acute food shortage in 1960s.
(iii) In the mid-1970s, three important food intervention programmes were introduced. These were – Public Distribution System for food grains, Integrated Child Development Services and Food-for-Work.
(iv) Various Poverty Alleviation Programmes (PAPs) mostly in rural areas have been
introduced. These have an explicit food component also. While PDS and mid-day meals are exclusively for food security programmes, most of the PAPs too enhance food security. Employment programmes greatly contribute to food security by increasing the income of the poor.
Describe how the meaning of food security has been changed by Amartya Sen and others?
(i) In the 1970s, food security was understood as the "availability at all times of adequate supply of basic food-stuffs". (ii) Amartya Sen added a new dimension to food security and emphasised the "access" to food through "entitlements" - a combination of "what one can produce, exchange in the markRead more
(i) In the 1970s, food security was understood as the “availability at all times of adequate supply of basic food-stuffs”.
See less(ii) Amartya Sen added a new dimension to food security and emphasised the “access” to food through “entitlements” – a combination of “what one can produce, exchange in the market along with state or other socially provided supplies. Thus, there has been a substantial shift in the understanding of food security.
(iii) The 1995 World Food Summit declared, “Food security at the individual, household, regional, national and global levels exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary need and food preferences for an active and healthy life” (FAO, 1996, p.3). The declaration further recognises that “poverty eradication is essential to improve access to food,’.
Explain main features of the Public Distribution System.
The main features of the Public Distribution System are as follows: (i) Public distribution is the most important step towards ensuring food security. (ii) Up to 1992, its coverage was universal with no discrimination between the poor and the non-poor. (iii) In 1992, Revamped Public Distribution SysRead more
The main features of the Public Distribution System are as follows:
See less(i) Public distribution is the most important step towards ensuring food security.
(ii) Up to 1992, its coverage was universal with no discrimination between the poor and the non-poor.
(iii) In 1992, Revamped Public Distribution System was introduced in 1,700 blocks in the country. The target was to provide the benefits of PDS to remote and backward areas.
(iv) From June 1997, Targeted Public Distribution System was introduced to adopt the principle of targeting the “poor in all areas”.
(v) It was for the first time that a differential price policy was adopted for poor and nonpoor.
(vi) In 2000, two special schemes were launched viz., Antyodaya Anna Yojana and the Annapurna Scheme with special target groups of “poorest of the poor” and “indigent senior citizens”, respectively. Tire functioning of these two schemes was linked with the existing network of the PDS.
Explain the role of Academy of Development Science in food security in Maharashtra.
(l) In Maharashtra, it has facilitate<l a network of NGOs for setting-up Grain Banks in different regions. (ii) It organises training and capacity building programmes on food security for NGOs. (iii) ADS efforts to -set Grain Banks to facilitate replication through other NGOs and to influence theRead more
(l) In Maharashtra, it has facilitate<l a network of NGOs for setting-up Grain Banks in different regions.
See less(ii) It organises training and capacity building programmes on food security for NGOs.
(iii) ADS efforts to -set Grain Banks to facilitate replication through other NGOs and to influence the Government's policy on food security are thus paying rich dividends. The ADS Grain Bank programme is acknowledged as a successful and innovative food security intervention.