(i) pastoral groups were also forced to live within the confines of special reserves. These groups could not move out without special permit. It was difficult to get permit without trouble and harassment. Those found guilty of disobeying the rules were severely punished' (ii) Pastoralists were not aRead more
(i) pastoral groups were also forced to live within the confines of special reserves. These groups could not move out without special permit. It was difficult to get permit without trouble and harassment. Those found guilty of disobeying the rules were severely punished’
(ii) Pastoralists were not allowed to enter the markets in White areas. They were also prohibited from participating in any form of trade. White settlers never wanted to have any contact with the Blacks but it was not possible since they depended on Black labour for working in the mines,
building roads and towns, etc’
(i) Since the new boundaries between India and Pakistan were drawn, it stopped their- movement. So they started looking for new places to go. In recent years, they have been migrating to Haryana where sheep can graze on the agricultural fields after the harvests are cut. (ii) Over the years, some riRead more
(i) Since the new boundaries between India and Pakistan were drawn, it stopped their- movement. So they started looking for new places to go. In recent years, they have been migrating to Haryana where sheep can graze on the agricultural fields after the harvests are cut.
(ii) Over the years, some richer pastoralists began buying land and settling down, giving up their nomadic life. Some became settled peasants, while others became traders. When Pastoralists lost their cattle and sheep, they started working on the fields in small towns’
(iii) when pastureland was closed to them in one place, they changed the direction of their movement, reduced the size of the herd and combined their pastoral activity with other activities to supplement their income and adapted to the changes in the modern world’
(i) When glazing lands were taken over and turned into cultivated fields, the available area of pastureland declined. Due to reservation of forests, cattle herders could no longer freely let their- cattle graze in the forests. (ii) As pasturelands disappeared under the plough, the existing animal stRead more
(i) When glazing lands were taken over and turned into cultivated fields, the available area of pastureland declined. Due to reservation of forests, cattle herders could no longer freely let their- cattle graze in the forests.
(ii) As pasturelands disappeared under the plough, the existing animal stock had to feed on whatever grazing land remained. This led to continuous intensive grazing of these pastures, which did not allow time for the natural restoration of vegetation growth.
(iii) This ultimately led to shortage of forests for animals and deterioration of animal stock. Underfed cattle died in large numbers during scarcities and famines.
(i) Thx was imposed on land, canal water, salt, trade goods and even on animals. (ii) Pastoralists had to pay tax on every animal they grazed on the pastures. (iii) The light to collect the tax was auctioned out to contractors. These contractors tried to extract as high a tax as they could, to recovRead more
(i) Thx was imposed on land, canal water, salt, trade goods and even on
animals.
(ii) Pastoralists had to pay tax on every animal they grazed on the pastures.
(iii) The light to collect the tax was auctioned out to contractors. These contractors tried to extract as high a tax as they could, to recover the money they had paid to the state and earn as much profit as they could within a year.
Later on, governments began collecting taxes directly from the pastoralists.
(i) Once this Act came into force, these communities which were nomadic, now expected to live only in notified village settlements. (ii) They were not allowed to move out without a permit. (iii) The village police was also told to keep a continuous watch on them. By this Act, nomadic tribes learnt tRead more
(i) Once this Act came into force, these communities which were nomadic, now expected to live only in notified village settlements.
(ii) They were not allowed to move out without a permit.
(iii) The village police was also told to keep a continuous watch on them. By this Act, nomadic tribes learnt to live a settled life.
What restrictions were imposed on the pastoralists by the colonial government?
(i) pastoral groups were also forced to live within the confines of special reserves. These groups could not move out without special permit. It was difficult to get permit without trouble and harassment. Those found guilty of disobeying the rules were severely punished' (ii) Pastoralists were not aRead more
(i) pastoral groups were also forced to live within the confines of special reserves. These groups could not move out without special permit. It was difficult to get permit without trouble and harassment. Those found guilty of disobeying the rules were severely punished’
See less(ii) Pastoralists were not allowed to enter the markets in White areas. They were also prohibited from participating in any form of trade. White settlers never wanted to have any contact with the Blacks but it was not possible since they depended on Black labour for working in the mines,
building roads and towns, etc’
How did the pastoralists react to the changes brought about by colonial rule?
(i) Since the new boundaries between India and Pakistan were drawn, it stopped their- movement. So they started looking for new places to go. In recent years, they have been migrating to Haryana where sheep can graze on the agricultural fields after the harvests are cut. (ii) Over the years, some riRead more
(i) Since the new boundaries between India and Pakistan were drawn, it stopped their- movement. So they started looking for new places to go. In recent years, they have been migrating to Haryana where sheep can graze on the agricultural fields after the harvests are cut.
See less(ii) Over the years, some richer pastoralists began buying land and settling down, giving up their nomadic life. Some became settled peasants, while others became traders. When Pastoralists lost their cattle and sheep, they started working on the fields in small towns’
(iii) when pastureland was closed to them in one place, they changed the direction of their movement, reduced the size of the herd and combined their pastoral activity with other activities to supplement their income and adapted to the changes in the modern world’
How did the changes brought about by colonial rule affect the lives of pastoralists?
(i) When glazing lands were taken over and turned into cultivated fields, the available area of pastureland declined. Due to reservation of forests, cattle herders could no longer freely let their- cattle graze in the forests. (ii) As pasturelands disappeared under the plough, the existing animal stRead more
(i) When glazing lands were taken over and turned into cultivated fields, the available area of pastureland declined. Due to reservation of forests, cattle herders could no longer freely let their- cattle graze in the forests.
See less(ii) As pasturelands disappeared under the plough, the existing animal stock had to feed on whatever grazing land remained. This led to continuous intensive grazing of these pastures, which did not allow time for the natural restoration of vegetation growth.
(iii) This ultimately led to shortage of forests for animals and deterioration of animal stock. Underfed cattle died in large numbers during scarcities and famines.
How were taxes collected by the British from the pastoralists?
(i) Thx was imposed on land, canal water, salt, trade goods and even on animals. (ii) Pastoralists had to pay tax on every animal they grazed on the pastures. (iii) The light to collect the tax was auctioned out to contractors. These contractors tried to extract as high a tax as they could, to recovRead more
(i) Thx was imposed on land, canal water, salt, trade goods and even on
See lessanimals.
(ii) Pastoralists had to pay tax on every animal they grazed on the pastures.
(iii) The light to collect the tax was auctioned out to contractors. These contractors tried to extract as high a tax as they could, to recover the money they had paid to the state and earn as much profit as they could within a year.
Later on, governments began collecting taxes directly from the pastoralists.
How were the criminal tribes controlled by the British government?
(i) Once this Act came into force, these communities which were nomadic, now expected to live only in notified village settlements. (ii) They were not allowed to move out without a permit. (iii) The village police was also told to keep a continuous watch on them. By this Act, nomadic tribes learnt tRead more
(i) Once this Act came into force, these communities which were nomadic, now expected to live only in notified village settlements.
See less(ii) They were not allowed to move out without a permit.
(iii) The village police was also told to keep a continuous watch on them. By this Act, nomadic tribes learnt to live a settled life.