1. Density of population is calculated as the number-of persons per unit area. The population density of India in 2001 was 324 persons per sq. km. (i) Regions with sparse population density: Rugged terrain and unfavourable climatic conditions are primarily responsible for sparse population in these areRead more

    Density of population is calculated as the number-of persons per unit area. The population density of India in 2001 was 324 persons per sq. km.
    (i) Regions with sparse population density: Rugged terrain and unfavourable climatic conditions are primarily responsible for sparse population in these areas. For example, Jammu and Kashmir, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram.
    (ii) Regions with moderate population density: Hilly, dissected and rocky nature of terrain, moderate to low rainfall, shallow and less fertile soils hate influenced the population densities in these areas. For example, Assam and peninsular states.
    (iii) Regions with high density of population: These areas have high population density because of the flat plains with fertile soils and abundant rainfall. For example, Northern plains and Kerala.

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  2. Pastoralists did adapt to new times. (i) They changed the paths of their annual movement, reduced their cattle numbers, pressed for rights to enter new areas, exerted political pressure on the government for relief and subsidy and demanded a right in the management of forests and water resources. (iRead more

    Pastoralists did adapt to new times.
    (i) They changed the paths of their annual movement, reduced their cattle numbers, pressed for rights to enter new areas, exerted political pressure on the government for relief and subsidy and demanded a right in the management of forests and water resources.
    (ii) Pastoralists are not relics of the past’ They are not people who have no place in the modern world.
    (iii)Environmentalists and economists increasingly came to recognise that pastoral nomadism was a form of life that was perfectly suited to many hilly and dry regions of the world’

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  3. Pastoral community in different parts of the world was affected in a variety of ways by changes in the modern world. (i) New laws and new borders affected the patterns of their movement. with increasing restrictions on their mobility pastoralists found it difficult to move in search of pastures. (iiRead more

    Pastoral community in different parts of the world was affected in a variety of ways by changes in the modern world.
    (i) New laws and new borders affected the patterns of their movement. with increasing restrictions on their mobility pastoralists found it difficult to move in search of pastures.
    (ii) As pasture lands disappeared, grazing became a problem and pastures deteriorated through continuous overgrazing.
    (iii) Times of drought became times of crises, when cattle died in large numbers.

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  4. (i) The warriors consisted of younger people, mainly responsible for. The protection of the tribe. (ii) They defended the community and organised cattle raids. Raiding was important in a society where cattle was wealth. It is through raids that the power of different pastoral groups was asserted. (iRead more

    (i) The warriors consisted of younger people, mainly responsible for. The protection of the tribe.
    (ii) They defended the community and organised cattle raids. Raiding was important in a society where cattle was wealth. It is through raids that the power of different pastoral groups was asserted.
    (iii) Young men came to be recognised as members of the warrior class, when they proved their manliness by raiding the cattle of other pastoral groups and participating in wars. They, however were subject to the authority of the elders.

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  5. (i) Large areas of grazing land were also turned into game reserves like the Maasai Mara and Samburu National Park in Kenya and Serengeti Park in Tanzania. (ii) Pastoralists were not allowed to enter these reserves; they could neither hunt animals nor- graze their herds in those arrears. (iii) VeryRead more

    (i) Large areas of grazing land were also turned into game reserves like the Maasai Mara and Samburu National Park in Kenya and Serengeti Park in Tanzania.
    (ii) Pastoralists were not allowed to enter these reserves; they could neither hunt animals nor- graze their herds in those arrears.
    (iii) Very often these reserves were in areas that had traditionally been regular grazing grounds for Maasai herds.

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