NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5
The Fundamental Unit of Life
NCERT Books for Session 2022-2023
CBSE Board and UP Board
Exercises Questions
Page No-66
Questions No-2
How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?
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Difference between prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell:
Prokaryotic Cell:
1. Cell size is generally small (1 – 10 µm).
2. Nuclear region is called nucleoid and is not surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
3. Only a single chromosome is present.
4. Nucleolus is absent.
5. Membrane bound cell organelles are absent.
6. Cell division by fission or budding (no mitosis).
Eukaryotic Cell:
1. Cell is generally large (5 – 100 µm).
2. Nuclear material is surrounded by a nuclear membrane.
3. More than one chromosome is present.
4. Nucleolus is present.
5. Membrane bound cell organelles.
6. Cell division mitotic or meiotic.
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Difference between Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells:
1. Cell Structure:
– Prokaryotic Cells:
– Simpler in structure, smaller in size.
– Lack a defined nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
– Eukaryotic Cells:
– More complex, larger in size.
– Possess a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
2. Nucleus:
– Prokaryotic Cells:
– DNA is present in a region called the nucleoid, without a surrounding membrane.
– Eukaryotic Cells:
– DNA enclosed within a nuclear membrane, forming a true nucleus.
3. Organelles:
– Prokaryotic Cells:
– Lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum.
– Eukaryotic Cells:
– Contain diverse membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.
4. DNA Structure:
– Prokaryotic Cells:
– Have singular circular DNA without histones.
– Eukaryotic Cells:
– Contain multiple linear DNA molecules with associated histones.
5. Reproduction:
– Prokaryotic Cells:
– Reproduce asexually via binary fission.
– Eukaryotic Cells:
– Reproduction includes both sexual (meiosis) and asexual (mitosis) methods.
6. Examples:
– Prokaryotic Cells:
– Examples include bacteria and archaea.
– Eukaryotic Cells:
– Found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
7. Evolutionary History:
– Prokaryotic Cells:
– Considered to be the earliest and more primitive cell type.
– Eukaryotic Cells:
– Evolved from prokaryotic ancestors, believed to have arisen through endosymbiosis.