How is a prokaryotic cell different from a eukaryotic cell?

Difference between Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells:
1. Cell Structure:
– Prokaryotic Cells:
– Simpler in structure, smaller in size.
– Lack a defined nucleus or membrane-bound organelles.
– Eukaryotic Cells:
– More complex, larger in size.
– Possess a distinct nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

2. Nucleus:
– Prokaryotic Cells:
– DNA is present in a region called the nucleoid, without a surrounding membrane.
– Eukaryotic Cells:
– DNA enclosed within a nuclear membrane, forming a true nucleus.

3. Organelles:
– Prokaryotic Cells:
– Lack membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum.
– Eukaryotic Cells:
– Contain diverse membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.

4. DNA Structure:
– Prokaryotic Cells:
– Have singular circular DNA without histones.
– Eukaryotic Cells:
– Contain multiple linear DNA molecules with associated histones.

5. Reproduction:
– Prokaryotic Cells:
– Reproduce asexually via binary fission.
– Eukaryotic Cells:
– Reproduction includes both sexual (meiosis) and asexual (mitosis) methods.

6. Examples:
– Prokaryotic Cells:
– Examples include bacteria and archaea.
– Eukaryotic Cells:
– Found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists.

7. Evolutionary History:
– Prokaryotic Cells:
– Considered to be the earliest and more primitive cell type.
– Eukaryotic Cells:
– Evolved from prokaryotic ancestors, believed to have arisen through endosymbiosis.