Taxes directly levied on agricultural produce included Kharaj, Umar Muktai and Muktai. Kharaj was the primary land tax imposed on non-Muslims. Umar Muktai and Muktai were additional forms of agrarian taxation. Khums, however, was a religious tax on war booty, ...
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Qutbuddin Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate, initially made Lahore his capital. Although he controlled Delhi as well, Lahore served as his administrative centre due to its strategic importance and existing Ghurid base. After Aibak’s death, his successors gradually ...
Qutbuddin Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate, initially made Lahore his capital. Although he controlled Delhi as well, Lahore served as his administrative centre due to its strategic importance and existing Ghurid base. After Aibak’s death, his successors gradually ...
The Alai Darwaza, an important architectural monument in the Qutub Complex, was constructed by Alauddin Khalji in 1311 CE. It served as the southern gateway to the Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque. Known for its horseshoe arches, red sandstone and intricate carvings, it ...
‘Tabaqat-i-Nasiri’ was written by Minhaj-us-Siraj, a 13th-century historian. The work is an important Persian chronicle detailing the history of early Muslim rule in India, especially the Ghurids, Slave dynasty and early Delhi Sultanate. It provides valuable accounts of rulers like ...