The last Mughal emperor, Bahadur Shah Zafar (Bahadur Shah II), was the son of Akbar Shah II (reigned 1806–1837). Akbar Shah II was already a symbolic figure with limited power under British protection. Bahadur Shah Zafar inherited a hollow title ...
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The Panch Mahal (Five-Storey Palace) in Fatehpur Sikri, built by Akbar, resembles a Buddhist Vihara in its design. Its structure consists of five stories, decreasing in size upwards, supported by columns. The open-sided, pillared pavilions, reminiscent of ancient monasteries, were ...
Emperor Aurangzeb was popularly known as ‘Zinda Pir’ (the Living Saint). This title was given due to his austere lifestyle, strict personal piety, adherence to orthodox Islamic principles and simple dressing. He rejected the royal excesses of his predecessors, earning ...
The real name of Mumtaz Mahal, the beloved wife of Emperor Shah Jahan, was Arjumand Bano Begum. Shah Jahan bestowed upon her the title Mumtaz Mahal (meaning ‘Jewel of the Palace’) after their marriage. Following her death in 1631, Shah ...
The root cause of the prolonged conflict between the Shahs of Iran (Safavids) and the Mughal rulers was control over the strategically vital city and fortress of Kandahar. The city was the gateway to trade routes into Central Asia and ...