The Red Fort (Lal Qila) of Delhi was built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan. Construction began in 1639 when Shah Jahan decided to shift his capital from Agra to a new city, Shahjahanabad (old Delhi). This massive fortress served ...
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The term ‘Zawabit’ in the Mughal administration referred to State Laws or secular regulations. These were royal decrees or regulations (Qanun-i-Shahi) issued by the Mughal emperors that supplemented the religious law (Sharia) where necessary. Zawabit covered administrative, revenue and economic ...
The ‘Zabti system’ of land revenue assessment was originally the creation of Sher Shah Suri. It was later refined and fully implemented by Akbar through his finance minister, Raja Todar Mal and became known as the Todar Mal’s Bandobast. The ...
The main reason for Babur’s victory in the Battle of Panipat (1526) was his superior tactical use of the Tulughma system. This military strategy, combined with the effective use of artillery (cannons) placed strategically behind carts, allowed his smaller army ...
Muhammad Shah ‘Rangila’ was the last Mughal emperor to sit on the Peacock Throne (Takht-e-Taus). The legendary throne, along with the Koh-i-Noor diamond, was looted by the Persian invader Nadir Shah during his sack of Delhi in 1739. Nadir Shah ...