India’s rainfall pattern is governed by two seasonal monsoon winds that blow in opposite directions during different times of the year. These winds have differing origins, moisture content, and effects on rainfall across various regions of the country.
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The south-west monsoon, also called the summer monsoon, blows from June to September, carrying moist winds from the sea (Indian Ocean, Arabian Sea, and Bay of Bengal) towards the land due to a low-pressure area over India, and it brings most of the country’s annual rainfall. The north-east monsoon, also called the winter monsoon, occurs from October to February; it blows cold, dry winds from land to sea and generally does not bring rainfall, except when it picks up moisture over the Bay of Bengal and causes rainfall along the eastern coast, especially Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and parts of Karnataka.
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