Ligands are ions or molecules bound to the central atom/ion in a coordination entity. They can be simple ions like Cl⁻, small molecules like H₂O or NH₃, or even larger molecules such as proteins. Examples include Cl⁻, H₂O, NH₃, H₂NCH₂CH₂NH₂, and N(CH₂CH₂NH₂)₃.
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Ligands in coordination chemistry are ions or molecules that bind to a central metal atom or ion within a coordination entity. They donate electrons to form coordinate bonds, influencing the overall structure and properties of the compound. Examples include:
Cl⁻ (Chloride): Ligand in [NiCl₂(H₂O)₄].
NH₃ (Ammonia): Ligand in [CoCl(NH₃)₅]²⁺.
CN⁻ (Cyanide): Ligand in [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻.
These ligands exhibit diverse characteristics and bonding abilities, contributing to the versatility of coordination compounds in fields such as catalysis, medicine, and materials science.