Gas molecules are tiny particles that move randomly in all directions. They have high kinetic energy and weak intermolecular forces. Their movement depends on temperature and pressure. Gas molecules collide elastically with each other and container walls. This behavior explains properties like diffusion, pressure, expansion, and the ideal gas law.
Class 11 Physics Chapter 12 covers Waves for the CBSE Exam 2024-25. It explains wave motion and types of waves with properties of mechanical and sound waves. Key topics include transverse and longitudinal waves with wavelength, frequency, amplitude, velocity, and the principle of superposition. It also discusses reflection, refraction, interference, resonance, Doppler effect, and standing waves.
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The mean free path (λ) of a gas molecule is the average distance traveled by a molecule between two successive collisions. It is defined by:
λ = (k_B T) / (√2 π d² P)
where:
– k_B is Boltzmann’s constant,
– T is the temperature,
– d is the diameter of the molecule,
– P is the pressure.
Thus, the mean free path is the average distance traveled before a collision takes place.
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