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Obtain an expression for the frequency of radiation emitted when a hydrogen atom de-excites from level n to level (n–1). For large n, show that this frequency equals the classical frequency of revolution of the electron in the orbit.

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Class 12 Physics
CBSE and UP Board
Atoms
Chapter-12 Exercise 12.13
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 12 Question-13
Additional Exercise

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  1.  

    It is given that a hydrogen atom de-excites from an upper level (n) to a lower level (n-1].

    We have the relation for energy (E1) of radiation at level n as:

    E₁ = hν₁ = hme⁴ /[(4π )³ ε0²(h/2π )³]   x (1/n²)—————- Eq-1

    Where,

    ν₁= Frequency of radiation at level n

    h= Planck’s constant

    m = Mass of hydrogen atom

    e = Charge on an electron

    ε0= Permittivity of free space

    Now, the relation for energy (Ez) of radiation at level (n – 1) is given as:

    E2 = hν2 = hme⁴ /[(4π )³ ε0²(h/2π )³]   x 1/[(n-1)²]————Eq-2

    Where.

    ν2 = Frequency of radiation at level (n-1)

    Energy (E) released as a result of de-excitation:

    E – E2-E1

    hν = E2-E1                              —————–Eq-3

    Where,

    ν = Frequency of radiation emitted

    Putting values from equations (i) and (ii) in equation (iii], we get:

    ν =me⁴ /[(4π )³ ε0²(h/2π )³]   x{1/(n-1)²   – 1/n² }

    =  me⁴  (2n-1)/[(4π )³ ε0²(h/2π )³] n² (n-1)²

    For large n, we can write (2n-1)  ≈ 2n and (n-1) ≈n.

    Therefore, ν = me⁴/32 π³ ε0² (h/2π )³ n³—————-Eq-4

    Classical relation of frequency of revolution of an electron is given as:

    νc = ν/2πr,—————Eq-5

    Where,

    Velocity of the electron in the nth orbit is given as :

    v = e²/[(4π ε0)(h/2π )ⁿ]—————-Eq-6

    And radius of nth orbit is given as :

    r= [4π ε0 (h/2π )²] n²/me² —————-Eq-7

    Putting the values of Eq-6 and Eq-7 in Eq-5 we get

    vc = me⁴/32 π³ ε0² (h/2π )³ n³—————-Eq-8

    Hence, the frequency of radiation emitted by the hydrogen atom is equal to its classical orbital frequency.

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