In what manner, does the escape velocity of a particle depend upon its mass?

Escape velocity is the minimum speed a particle or object must have to overcome the gravitational pull of a planet or celestial body and leave space without any further propulsion. This velocity depends on the mass and radius of the celestial body (like Earth) and the gravitational constant, but not on the mass of the escaping particle itself.

This is because the gravitational force exerted on the particle and the kinetic energy needed to escape are proportional to the mass of the particle. In the case of calculating escape velocity, the mass of the particle cancels out, and a value that depends solely on the properties of the celestial body remains.

For instance, the escape velocity on earth is approximately 11.2 km/s just above the surface, a value applicable to any body, no matter how slight its mass may be—like a stone, a satellite, or a spacecraft. As such, the mass of the escaping particle does not affect the escape velocity in any way; it would be universal for a celestial body.