If AB ∥ DC, ABCD cannot be non-convex because consecutive interior angles sum to 180°, preventing reflex angles. If AB = CD or ∠A = ∠C, it can be non-convex, such as in an arrowhead shape.
Class 9 Ganita Manjari Part 2 chapter 12 question answer
Class 9 Ganita Manjari Part 2 chapter 12 Quadrilaterals solutions
When AB ∥ DC, consecutive interior angles along transversals add up to 180°, so every internal angle is strictly less than 180°, making it strictly convex. However, if we only assume AB = CD or ∠A = ∠C, ABCD can be non-convex. An example is a symmetric arrowhead dart, where opposite side lengths or opposite base angles match while one vertex indents inward beyond 180°.
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