A longitudinal wave moves in the direction of energy transfer through compressions and rarefactions. Sound waves in air and seismic P-waves in Earth are examples. Particles oscillate parallel to wave motion. These waves require a medium like air, water, or solids to propagate and cannot travel through a vacuum.
Oscillations in Class 11 Physics focus on periodic motion where an object moves back and forth around a mean position. This chapter explains simple harmonic motion, time period, frequency, and amplitude. It covers energy in oscillations, damped and forced oscillations, and resonance. These concepts are important for CBSE Exam 2024-25 and have practical applications in various fields.
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In a longitudinal wave, the particles of the medium oscillate parallel to the direction of wave propagation. This creates regions of compressions (high pressure) and rarefactions (low pressure).
Examples of longitudinal waves include sound waves in air, where air molecules move back and forth along the direction of the wave.
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