Plants obtain nutrients through a process called photosynthesis, which is the key mechanism by which they convert light energy into chemical energy. In photosynthesis, plants use the energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, a form of sugar. This process takes place in the chloroplasts of plant cells, where chlorophyll, a green pigment, captures sunlight and facilitates the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose. While this process provides plants with a source of energy, it doesn’t cover all the nutrients they need for growth and development.
In addition to photosynthesis, plants also acquire essential nutrients from the soil through their root systems. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil, and these minerals include vital nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The plant’s root system has specialized structures, like root hairs, that enhance nutrient absorption. As water moves through the plant, carrying dissolved minerals with it, these nutrients contribute to various biochemical processes necessary for plant growth, including the formation of proteins, nucleic acids, and other essential molecules. In summary, plants derive energy through photosynthesis and acquire essential minerals from the soil to meet their nutritional requirements and support their overall health and development.