A black body is at 727° C. It emits energy at a rate, which is proportional to

Energy is the capacity to do work or produce change. It exists in forms like kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical, and nuclear. Energy transforms but cannot be created or destroyed (law of conservation). It’s essential for life, powering everything from biological processes to machines and sustaining the universe’s dynamics.

Class 11 Physics Chapter 10 Thermal Properties of Matter covers concepts like temperature and heat expansion of solids liquids and gases specific heat capacity and latent heat. It explains thermal equilibrium and the laws of thermodynamics. The chapter also includes heat transfer methods such as conduction convection and radiation and the behavior of matter under different thermal conditions.