The Harappans domesticated several animals to support their agricultural and daily life. They kept cattle, buffaloes, sheep, goats, and pigs for their milk, meat, and hides. The Harappans also domesticated dogs for companionship and security. Evidence suggests they used oxen ...

The Harappans used simple yet effective tools for farming, made primarily of wood and stone. They employed plows to till the land, and evidence suggests these plows were often drawn by oxen. Harappans also used sickles with wooden handles and ...

The Harappans were skilled agriculturists who cultivated a variety of crops. They grew wheat, barley, and peas as staple crops. Rice cultivation has also been found at later Harappan sites. In addition, they cultivated cotton, making them one of the ...

Harappan settlements were significantly influenced by natural boundaries. The Indus and its tributaries provided fertile plains for agriculture, while the Thar Desert to the east acted as a barrier, shaping trade and movement. The Himalayan and other mountain ranges to ...

The Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro, a remarkable structure from the Harappan Civilization, is considered one of the earliest examples of public water architecture. Located in present-day Pakistan, it is a large, rectangular tank built with tightly fitted bricks and coated ...

Dholavira, a major site of the Harappan Civilization located in present-day Gujarat, is unique for its advanced urban planning and water management system. It had a distinct layout with three divisions: the citadel, middle town, and lower town, each separated ...

The civilization is called Harappan because Harappa was the first site of this ancient civilization to be discovered in 1921. Located in present-day Pakistan, Harappa provided the initial evidence of a highly developed urban culture that thrived along the Indus ...

The major cities of the Harappan Civilization include Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira, Lothal, Kalibangan, and Rakhigarhi. These cities were remarkable for their advanced urban planning, with well-organized streets, drainage systems, and granaries. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa are among the earliest discovered sites ...

Urbanization refers to the process by which rural areas develop into towns and cities, leading to an increase in population density and infrastructure. It involves the growth of trade, governance, and cultural activities in a concentrated area. Urbanization typically includes ...

The Indus-Sarasvatī Civilization, often associated with the Indus Valley Civilization, is significant for being one of the earliest urban cultures in the world. It developed along the Indus River and the now-dry Sarasvatī River around 2500 BCE. Known for its ...