The Pradhan Mantri Gramin Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) aims to connect every rural area with all-weather roads. It enhances accessibility, boosts trade, improves healthcare and education facilities and strengthens rural development. Correct Option is (c).
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Non-conventional energy sources like solar, wind, tidal and biogas are renewable, eco-friendly and sustainable. They reduce pollution, save fossil fuels and ensure energy security. For example, solar panels in Rajasthan and wind farms in Tamil Nadu provide clean power.
Cultural expressions like Bankim Chandra’s Vande Mataram, Tagore’s patriotic songs and Abanindranath Tagore’s Indian-style paintings inspired pride and unity. Revival of Indian traditions, art and literature awakened nationalism and strengthened emotional bonds among Indians against British colonial rule.
The Non-Cooperation Movement spread to rural areas as peasants, workers and tribals joined it against British exploitation. In Awadh, Baba Ramchandra led peasants; tribals in Andhra protested forest laws and farmers in Punjab fought revenue demands—uniting villages in resistance.
Expanding the tertiary sector in rural areas can create jobs in education, healthcare, transport, banking and IT. It reduces migration, supports local development and improves rural income and living standards.