Watermelon has unisexual flowers; the male and female flowers are separate. The presence of pollinators will facilitate cross pollination between the flowers increasing the chance of fertilization and number of fruits being produced. Without pollinators the probability of pollen falling on stigma reRead more
Watermelon has unisexual flowers; the male and female flowers are separate. The presence of pollinators will facilitate cross pollination between the flowers increasing the chance of fertilization and number of fruits being produced. Without pollinators the probability of pollen falling on stigma reduces in a unisexual flower, especially if they are far apart thus the number of fruits produced will be less. (ii) The three changes observed are: ● Ovule develops a tough coat and becomes seed. ● Ovary grows and ripens to form fruit. ● Petals, sepals, stamen, style and stigma may shrivel and fall off.
The creation of the British nation-state was a gradual process, not caused by any sudden revolution. People living in the British Isles mainly identified themselves by ethnicity — as English, Scottish, Welsh, or Irish. The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland led to the birth of the UnitRead more
The creation of the British nation-state was a gradual process, not caused by any sudden revolution. People living in the British Isles mainly identified themselves by ethnicity — as English, Scottish, Welsh, or Irish.
The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland led to the birth of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. This allowed England to dominate Scotland, suppressing its native culture and independent political institutions.
In the Scottish Highlands, people were banned from speaking Gaelic or wearing traditional dress. Many were also evicted from their ancestral lands under English control.
England supported Irish Protestants in maintaining power over the Catholic majority. Rebellions by Irish Catholics were crushed, and in 1801, Ireland was forcibly merged into the United Kingdom.
Symbols of British identity — like the national flag, anthem, and English language — were promoted across the Isles, while older nations such as Scotland, Wales, and Ireland were reduced to secondary partners in the union.
Salt became a symbol of unity and defiance because it was an essential commodity used by all, rich or poor. Gandhiji chose it to represent equality and to protest the unjust salt tax imposed by the British government. Gandhiji’s letter to Viceroy Irwin, listing eleven demands, emphasized the abolitiRead more
Salt became a symbol of unity and defiance because it was an essential commodity used by all, rich or poor. Gandhiji chose it to represent equality and to protest the unjust salt tax imposed by the British government.
Gandhiji’s letter to Viceroy Irwin, listing eleven demands, emphasized the abolition of the salt tax as most significant. When the demand was ignored, he launched the historic Dandi March, inspiring nationwide participation and strengthening nationalist sentiment.
The Salt March spread across India, with people manufacturing salt, boycotting British goods, refusing taxes, and picketing liquor shops. This mass civil disobedience united Indians across regions and classes against colonial rule.
Symbolic Representation: India’s national identity began to be personified through the image of Bharat Mata, first imagined by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Later, artists like Rabindranath Tagore depicted her as a serene, spiritual, and divine mother, inspiring patriotism among Indians. Patriotic SRead more
Symbolic Representation:
India’s national identity began to be personified through the image of Bharat Mata, first imagined by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Later, artists like Rabindranath Tagore depicted her as a serene, spiritual, and divine mother, inspiring patriotism among Indians.
Patriotic Songs:
Bankim Chandra’s song Vande Mataram, written as a tribute to the motherland and featured in his novel Anandmath, became a rallying cry during the Swadeshi Movement, uniting Indians through devotion and collective emotion.
Revival of Folk Traditions:
Nationalists revived and documented folk stories, songs, and legends to reconnect with India’s cultural roots. Figures like Rabindranath Tagore in Bengal and Natesa Sastri in Madras collected and preserved traditional tales, strengthening pride in India’s heritage and identity.
National Flags as Symbols:
During the Swadeshi Movement, a tricolour flag of red, green, and yellow with eight lotuses and a crescent moon symbolized unity. Later, in 1921, Gandhiji’s tricolour with a spinning wheel represented self-reliance and became a symbol of resistance and hope.
Rediscovery of India’s Glorious Past:
Indian scholars and reformers began re-examining ancient achievements in fields like science, philosophy, and art. This historical rediscovery encouraged people to feel proud of their civilization and motivated them to resist colonial oppression.
Sometimes new crops like potatoes could make the difference between life and death. It was with the introduction of the humble potato that Europe’s poor began to eat well, eat better and live longer. Similarly, the introduction of maize and cassava from the Americas to Africa provided cheap and nutrRead more
Sometimes new crops like potatoes could make the difference between life and death. It was with the introduction of the humble potato that Europe’s poor began to eat well, eat better and live longer.
Similarly, the introduction of maize and cassava from the Americas to Africa provided cheap and nutritious food sources, helping to reduce hunger and support population growth. These crops became essential staples in several African regions over time.
Ireland’s poor peasants became so dependent on potatoes that when the potato crop was destroyed by disease in the mid-1840s, hundreds of thousands of peasants died of starvation
Annie was conducting research on the number of fruits produced by watermelon under different conditions. She grew 25 watermelon plants each in both glass house A and B. She introduced pollinators in glass house A only. (i) What difference will she observe in the number of fruits produced in the two glass houses? Explain with reason. (ii) List 3 changes that will occur in a flower once it gets fertilized.
Watermelon has unisexual flowers; the male and female flowers are separate. The presence of pollinators will facilitate cross pollination between the flowers increasing the chance of fertilization and number of fruits being produced. Without pollinators the probability of pollen falling on stigma reRead more
Watermelon has unisexual flowers; the male and female flowers are separate. The presence of pollinators will facilitate cross pollination between the flowers increasing the chance of fertilization and number of fruits being produced. Without pollinators the probability of pollen falling on stigma reduces in a unisexual flower, especially if they are far apart thus the number of fruits produced will be less. (ii) The three changes observed are: ● Ovule develops a tough coat and becomes seed. ● Ovary grows and ripens to form fruit. ● Petals, sepals, stamen, style and stigma may shrivel and fall off.
See lessIn Britain the formation of the nation-state was not the result of a sudden upheaval or revolution but was the result of a long-drawn-out process.’ Analyse this statement with suitable reasons.
The creation of the British nation-state was a gradual process, not caused by any sudden revolution. People living in the British Isles mainly identified themselves by ethnicity — as English, Scottish, Welsh, or Irish. The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland led to the birth of the UnitRead more
- The creation of the British nation-state was a gradual process, not caused by any sudden revolution. People living in the British Isles mainly identified themselves by ethnicity — as English, Scottish, Welsh, or Irish.
- The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland led to the birth of the United Kingdom of Great Britain. This allowed England to dominate Scotland, suppressing its native culture and independent political institutions.
- In the Scottish Highlands, people were banned from speaking Gaelic or wearing traditional dress. Many were also evicted from their ancestral lands under English control.
- England supported Irish Protestants in maintaining power over the Catholic majority. Rebellions by Irish Catholics were crushed, and in 1801, Ireland was forcibly merged into the United Kingdom.
- Symbols of British identity — like the national flag, anthem, and English language — were promoted across the Isles, while older nations such as Scotland, Wales, and Ireland were reduced to secondary partners in the union.
See lessSalt March became an effective tool of resistance against colonialism. Analyse the statement with suitable reasons.
Salt became a symbol of unity and defiance because it was an essential commodity used by all, rich or poor. Gandhiji chose it to represent equality and to protest the unjust salt tax imposed by the British government. Gandhiji’s letter to Viceroy Irwin, listing eleven demands, emphasized the abolitiRead more
Salt became a symbol of unity and defiance because it was an essential commodity used by all, rich or poor. Gandhiji chose it to represent equality and to protest the unjust salt tax imposed by the British government.
Gandhiji’s letter to Viceroy Irwin, listing eleven demands, emphasized the abolition of the salt tax as most significant. When the demand was ignored, he launched the historic Dandi March, inspiring nationwide participation and strengthening nationalist sentiment.
The Salt March spread across India, with people manufacturing salt, boycotting British goods, refusing taxes, and picketing liquor shops. This mass civil disobedience united Indians across regions and classes against colonial rule.
See less‘A variety of cultural processes played an important role in developing a sense of nationalism in India’. Support the statement with suitable examples.
Symbolic Representation: India’s national identity began to be personified through the image of Bharat Mata, first imagined by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Later, artists like Rabindranath Tagore depicted her as a serene, spiritual, and divine mother, inspiring patriotism among Indians. Patriotic SRead more
Symbolic Representation:
India’s national identity began to be personified through the image of Bharat Mata, first imagined by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. Later, artists like Rabindranath Tagore depicted her as a serene, spiritual, and divine mother, inspiring patriotism among Indians.
Patriotic Songs:
Bankim Chandra’s song Vande Mataram, written as a tribute to the motherland and featured in his novel Anandmath, became a rallying cry during the Swadeshi Movement, uniting Indians through devotion and collective emotion.
Revival of Folk Traditions:
Nationalists revived and documented folk stories, songs, and legends to reconnect with India’s cultural roots. Figures like Rabindranath Tagore in Bengal and Natesa Sastri in Madras collected and preserved traditional tales, strengthening pride in India’s heritage and identity.
National Flags as Symbols:
During the Swadeshi Movement, a tricolour flag of red, green, and yellow with eight lotuses and a crescent moon symbolized unity. Later, in 1921, Gandhiji’s tricolour with a spinning wheel represented self-reliance and became a symbol of resistance and hope.
Rediscovery of India’s Glorious Past:
See lessIndian scholars and reformers began re-examining ancient achievements in fields like science, philosophy, and art. This historical rediscovery encouraged people to feel proud of their civilization and motivated them to resist colonial oppression.
‘Sometimes the new crops could make the difference between life and death.’. Explain the statement with any two examples.
Sometimes new crops like potatoes could make the difference between life and death. It was with the introduction of the humble potato that Europe’s poor began to eat well, eat better and live longer. Similarly, the introduction of maize and cassava from the Americas to Africa provided cheap and nutrRead more
- Sometimes new crops like potatoes could make the difference between life and death. It was with the introduction of the humble potato that Europe’s poor began to eat well, eat better and live longer.
- Similarly, the introduction of maize and cassava from the Americas to Africa provided cheap and nutritious food sources, helping to reduce hunger and support population growth. These crops became essential staples in several African regions over time.
- Ireland’s poor peasants became so dependent on potatoes that when the potato crop was destroyed by disease in the mid-1840s, hundreds of thousands of peasants died of starvation
See less