1. Muhammad Ghori is considered responsible for the second major Turkish invasion of India. The first significant Turkish invader was Mahmud Ghaznavi, who conducted multiple raids primarily for plunder. Many decades later, Muhammad Ghori launched the next wave of Turkish expansion by systematically attRead more

    Muhammad Ghori is considered responsible for the second major Turkish invasion of India. The first significant Turkish invader was Mahmud Ghaznavi, who conducted multiple raids primarily for plunder. Many decades later, Muhammad Ghori launched the next wave of Turkish expansion by systematically attacking North Indian kingdoms, including those ruled by the Chauhans and the Gahadavalas. His aim was not just plunder but permanent political conquest. After his victory in the Second Battle of Tarain (1192 CE), Ghori established firm control, paving the way for his generals to create the Delhi Sultanate. Therefore, option (B) correctly identifies the second Turkish invader.

    See less
    • 71
  2. Muhammad Ghori, also known as Muhammad bin Sam, came from the Shansbani or Ghurid dynasty, which controlled the mountainous region of Ghor in present-day Afghanistan. This dynasty emerged as a strong power after defeating the Ghaznavids. Ghori expanded eastward and launched successive campaigns intoRead more

    Muhammad Ghori, also known as Muhammad bin Sam, came from the Shansbani or Ghurid dynasty, which controlled the mountainous region of Ghor in present-day Afghanistan. This dynasty emerged as a strong power after defeating the Ghaznavids. Ghori expanded eastward and launched successive campaigns into India, culminating in the decisive Second Battle of Tarain in 1192. His victories broke Rajput power and allowed his general Qutbuddin Aibak to lay the foundation of the Delhi Sultanate. Ghori belonged neither to the Yamini (Ghaznavid) dynasty nor to later dynasties like the Khiljis or Ghulams.

    See less
    • 21
  3. Historical texts refer to Muhammad Ghori using multiple names. “Shahabuddin” was an honorific meaning “Star of the Faith.” “Muhammad bin Sam” identifies him by lineage, being the son of Sam. “Muizuddin” was another royal title signifying “Strengthener of the Faith.” Chroniclers and Persian historianRead more

    Historical texts refer to Muhammad Ghori using multiple names. “Shahabuddin” was an honorific meaning “Star of the Faith.” “Muhammad bin Sam” identifies him by lineage, being the son of Sam. “Muizuddin” was another royal title signifying “Strengthener of the Faith.” Chroniclers and Persian historians used these names interchangeably depending on the context—military campaigns, royal decrees or dynastic listings. Since all titles correctly represent Muhammad Ghori, option (D) is accurate.

    See less
    • 66
  4. In 1175 CE, Muhammad Ghori started his expansion into India by launching his first attack on Multan, which was controlled by the Carmathian (Karmathi) sect. The region was strategically important due to its location on major trade routes and its proximity to the Indian plains. Ghori captured MultanRead more

    In 1175 CE, Muhammad Ghori started his expansion into India by launching his first attack on Multan, which was controlled by the Carmathian (Karmathi) sect. The region was strategically important due to its location on major trade routes and its proximity to the Indian plains. Ghori captured Multan and subsequently advanced to Uch and Lahore, defeating the Ghaznavid rulers. This early success marked the beginning of his systematic penetration into North India, eventually leading to conflicts with Rajput powers like Prithviraj Chauhan. Thus, his first Indian target was Multan.

    See less
    • 31
  5. The earliest recorded defeat of Muhammad Ghori on Indian soil occurred in 1178 CE at the Battle of Kayadara, near Mount Abu. Ghori attempted to invade Gujarat through the Gomal Pass and enter western India. Solanki ruler Bhima II successfully mobilized his regional forces and confronted the advancinRead more

    The earliest recorded defeat of Muhammad Ghori on Indian soil occurred in 1178 CE at the Battle of Kayadara, near Mount Abu. Ghori attempted to invade Gujarat through the Gomal Pass and enter western India. Solanki ruler Bhima II successfully mobilized his regional forces and confronted the advancing Ghurid army. Ghori’s troops, unprepared for the harsh desert terrain and strong Rajput resistance, were defeated and forced to retreat. This setback changed Ghori’s future military strategy: he abandoned the western route into India and instead turned toward Punjab, where the Ghaznavid rule had weakened. This redirection shaped later campaigns in India.

    See less
    • 66