Tuzuk-i-Baburi or the Baburnama is the autobiography of Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire. Written in the Chagatai Turkish language, it provides a vivid account of his early struggles in Fergana, military campaigns, political experiences, personal emotions and impressions of India. He records geogRead more
Tuzuk-i-Baburi or the Baburnama is the autobiography of Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire. Written in the Chagatai Turkish language, it provides a vivid account of his early struggles in Fergana, military campaigns, political experiences, personal emotions and impressions of India. He records geography, flora, fauna, people and culture with remarkable clarity. The text reflects his personality—frank, reflective, curious and sensitive to nature. Later, it was translated into Persian during Akbar’s reign. Unlike court-sponsored glorified works, the Baburnama is authentic and personal, making it one of the most important autobiographies in Asian history.
Babur was the first to introduce the Persian Timurid concept of Charbagh gardens in India, incorporating flowing water, canals, fountains, symmetry and shaded spaces. Being deeply fond of nature, he expressed in the Baburnama his disappointment with India’s natural landscape and thus sought to recreRead more
Babur was the first to introduce the Persian Timurid concept of Charbagh gardens in India, incorporating flowing water, canals, fountains, symmetry and shaded spaces. Being deeply fond of nature, he expressed in the Baburnama his disappointment with India’s natural landscape and thus sought to recreate Central Asian-style gardens. His gardens in Agra, Kabul and other regions used water as a central design element, symbolizing paradise in Islamic tradition. This tradition later flourished under Mughal rulers like Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan, but its foundation was firmly laid by Babur, making him the pioneer of Mughal garden culture.
Nadir Shah’s 1739 invasion targeted major Mughal centers such as Lahore, where he first entered India; Karnal, where he defeated the Mughal army; and Delhi, where he carried out a brutal massacre and seized enormous treasure, including the Koh-i-Noor diamond and Peacock Throne. His campaign was swifRead more
Nadir Shah’s 1739 invasion targeted major Mughal centers such as Lahore, where he first entered India; Karnal, where he defeated the Mughal army; and Delhi, where he carried out a brutal massacre and seized enormous treasure, including the Koh-i-Noor diamond and Peacock Throne. His campaign was swift, destructive and strategically focused on regions that posed direct political and financial value. Kannauj, once important in early medieval India, had lost much of its significance by this time. Consequently, Nadir Shah never marched toward or attacked Kannauj, making it the correct answer.
Bairam Khan served as Akbar’s guardian and regent during his early years. When Humayun died in 1556, Akbar was only thirteen. Bairam Khan assumed responsibility for protecting him, managing the empire and leading military campaigns. His greatest achievement was defeating Hemu in the Second Battle ofRead more
Bairam Khan served as Akbar’s guardian and regent during his early years. When Humayun died in 1556, Akbar was only thirteen. Bairam Khan assumed responsibility for protecting him, managing the empire and leading military campaigns. His greatest achievement was defeating Hemu in the Second Battle of Panipat, ensuring Akbar’s secure accession. He controlled political affairs, suppressed rebellions and strengthened central authority. His loyalty and capable administration provided the stable foundation on which Akbar later built his vast empire. Only after Akbar matured did he relieve Bairam Khan of his regency, marking the end of his guardianship.
When Babur invaded India in 1526, he entered through the Punjab region. After capturing Kabul, he marched southward, crossed the Indus River near Attock and proceeded into Punjab, which had long been the main entry point for Central Asian rulers. Punjab’s open plains and strategic routes allowed BabRead more
When Babur invaded India in 1526, he entered through the Punjab region. After capturing Kabul, he marched southward, crossed the Indus River near Attock and proceeded into Punjab, which had long been the main entry point for Central Asian rulers. Punjab’s open plains and strategic routes allowed Babur to move swiftly toward the heart of the Delhi Sultanate. He captured key towns and confronted Ibrahim Lodi’s forces near Panipat. The First Battle of Panipat, fought shortly afterward, marked the beginning of Mughal rule in India. Thus, Punjab was the crucial gateway enabling Babur’s successful advance into the Indian subcontinent.
Which of the following is an autobiography? (A) Padshahnama (B) Akbarnama (C) Humayunnama (D) Tuzuk-i-Baburi (Baburnama)
Tuzuk-i-Baburi or the Baburnama is the autobiography of Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire. Written in the Chagatai Turkish language, it provides a vivid account of his early struggles in Fergana, military campaigns, political experiences, personal emotions and impressions of India. He records geogRead more
Tuzuk-i-Baburi or the Baburnama is the autobiography of Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire. Written in the Chagatai Turkish language, it provides a vivid account of his early struggles in Fergana, military campaigns, political experiences, personal emotions and impressions of India. He records geography, flora, fauna, people and culture with remarkable clarity. The text reflects his personality—frank, reflective, curious and sensitive to nature. Later, it was translated into Persian during Akbar’s reign. Unlike court-sponsored glorified works, the Baburnama is authentic and personal, making it one of the most important autobiographies in Asian history.
See lessWho started the tradition of building gardens with flowing water?
Babur was the first to introduce the Persian Timurid concept of Charbagh gardens in India, incorporating flowing water, canals, fountains, symmetry and shaded spaces. Being deeply fond of nature, he expressed in the Baburnama his disappointment with India’s natural landscape and thus sought to recreRead more
Babur was the first to introduce the Persian Timurid concept of Charbagh gardens in India, incorporating flowing water, canals, fountains, symmetry and shaded spaces. Being deeply fond of nature, he expressed in the Baburnama his disappointment with India’s natural landscape and thus sought to recreate Central Asian-style gardens. His gardens in Agra, Kabul and other regions used water as a central design element, symbolizing paradise in Islamic tradition. This tradition later flourished under Mughal rulers like Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan, but its foundation was firmly laid by Babur, making him the pioneer of Mughal garden culture.
See lessAt which of the following places did Nadir Shah not launch an attack? (A) Delhi (B) Kannauj (C) Lahore (D) Karnal
Nadir Shah’s 1739 invasion targeted major Mughal centers such as Lahore, where he first entered India; Karnal, where he defeated the Mughal army; and Delhi, where he carried out a brutal massacre and seized enormous treasure, including the Koh-i-Noor diamond and Peacock Throne. His campaign was swifRead more
Nadir Shah’s 1739 invasion targeted major Mughal centers such as Lahore, where he first entered India; Karnal, where he defeated the Mughal army; and Delhi, where he carried out a brutal massacre and seized enormous treasure, including the Koh-i-Noor diamond and Peacock Throne. His campaign was swift, destructive and strategically focused on regions that posed direct political and financial value. Kannauj, once important in early medieval India, had lost much of its significance by this time. Consequently, Nadir Shah never marched toward or attacked Kannauj, making it the correct answer.
See lessWho was Akbar’s guardian during his youth?
Bairam Khan served as Akbar’s guardian and regent during his early years. When Humayun died in 1556, Akbar was only thirteen. Bairam Khan assumed responsibility for protecting him, managing the empire and leading military campaigns. His greatest achievement was defeating Hemu in the Second Battle ofRead more
Bairam Khan served as Akbar’s guardian and regent during his early years. When Humayun died in 1556, Akbar was only thirteen. Bairam Khan assumed responsibility for protecting him, managing the empire and leading military campaigns. His greatest achievement was defeating Hemu in the Second Battle of Panipat, ensuring Akbar’s secure accession. He controlled political affairs, suppressed rebellions and strengthened central authority. His loyalty and capable administration provided the stable foundation on which Akbar later built his vast empire. Only after Akbar matured did he relieve Bairam Khan of his regency, marking the end of his guardianship.
See lessThrough which region did Babur first enter India from the west? (A) Sindh (B) Punjab (C) Kashmir (D) Rajasthan
When Babur invaded India in 1526, he entered through the Punjab region. After capturing Kabul, he marched southward, crossed the Indus River near Attock and proceeded into Punjab, which had long been the main entry point for Central Asian rulers. Punjab’s open plains and strategic routes allowed BabRead more
When Babur invaded India in 1526, he entered through the Punjab region. After capturing Kabul, he marched southward, crossed the Indus River near Attock and proceeded into Punjab, which had long been the main entry point for Central Asian rulers. Punjab’s open plains and strategic routes allowed Babur to move swiftly toward the heart of the Delhi Sultanate. He captured key towns and confronted Ibrahim Lodi’s forces near Panipat. The First Battle of Panipat, fought shortly afterward, marked the beginning of Mughal rule in India. Thus, Punjab was the crucial gateway enabling Babur’s successful advance into the Indian subcontinent.
See less