1. (i) If a political par-ty is motivated only by desire to be in power, even then it will be forced to serve the people. (ii) It is how a market works. Even if a shopkeeper is interested only in his profit, he is forced to give good service to the customers. If he doesn't, the customer will go to someRead more

    (i) If a political par-ty is motivated only by desire to be in power, even then it will be forced to serve the people.
    (ii) It is how a market works. Even if a shopkeeper is interested only in his profit, he is forced to give good service to the customers. If he doesn’t, the customer will go to some other shop’
    (iii) Similarly, political competition may cause divisions and some ugliness, but it finally helps to force political parties and leaders to serve the people.

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  2. (i) The ruling parties routinely lose elections in India, both at the national and state levels. (ii) In India, about half of the sitting MPs or MLA.s lose elections. (iii) Candidates who are known t9 have spent a lot of money in 'buying votes' and those with criminal connections often lose electionRead more

    (i) The ruling parties routinely lose elections in India, both at the national and state levels.
    (ii) In India, about half of the sitting MPs or MLA.s lose elections.
    (iii) Candidates who are known t9 have spent a lot of money in ‘buying votes’ and those with criminal connections often lose elections.
    Barring very few disputed elections, the electoral outcomes are usually
    accepted as the people’s verdict by the defeated party’

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  3. (i) In our country, elections are conducted by an independent and very powerful Election Commission. (ii) It enjoys the same kind of independence that the judiciary enjoys. (iii) The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) is appointed by the President of India. But once appointed, he is not answerable toRead more

    (i) In our country, elections are conducted by an independent and very powerful Election Commission.
    (ii) It enjoys the same kind of independence that the judiciary enjoys.
    (iii) The Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) is appointed by the President of India. But once appointed, he is not answerable to the President or the government.
    (iv) Even if the ruling party or the government does not like what the Commission does, it is virtually impossible for it to remove the CEC’

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  4. (i) There is inclusion of false names and exclusion of genuine names from the Voters' List. (ii) There is also the misuse of government facilities and officials by the ruling party. (iii) Excessive use of money by the rich candidates and hosting big parties by these candidates. (iv) Intimidation ofRead more

    (i) There is inclusion of false names and exclusion of genuine names from the Voters’ List.
    (ii) There is also the misuse of government facilities and officials by the ruling party.
    (iii) Excessive use of money by the rich candidates and hosting big parties by these candidates.
    (iv) Intimidation of voters and rigging on the polling day.

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  5. Every candidate has to make a legal declaration, giving full details of the following: (i) Serious criminal cases pending against the candidate. (ii) Details of the assets and liabilities of the candidate and his or her family. (iii) Educational qualifications of the candidate. This information helpRead more

    Every candidate has to make a legal declaration, giving full details of the following:
    (i) Serious criminal cases pending against the candidate.
    (ii) Details of the assets and liabilities of the candidate and his or her family.
    (iii) Educational qualifications of the candidate. This information helps voters to make their decisions.

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