1. (i) The proportion of poor people is not the same in every state. (ii) Poverty is still existing in Odisha, Bihar, Assam, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh. (iii) Bihar and Odisha continue to be the two poorest states with poverty ratios of 47 and 43 per cent, respectively. Along with rural poverty, urban pRead more

    (i) The proportion of poor people is not the same in every state.
    (ii) Poverty is still existing in Odisha, Bihar, Assam, Tripura and Uttar Pradesh.
    (iii) Bihar and Odisha continue to be the two poorest states with poverty
    ratios of 47 and 43 per cent, respectively.
    Along with rural poverty, urban poverty also exists in these states.

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  2. (i) The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was passed in September 2005. The act provides 100 days assured employment every year, to every rural household, in 200 districts. (ii) The central government will also establish National Employment Guarantee Funds. Similarly, state goveRead more

    (i) The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act was passed in September 2005. The act provides 100 days assured employment every year, to every rural household, in 200 districts.
    (ii) The central government will also establish National Employment Guarantee Funds. Similarly, state government will establish State Employment Guarantee Funds for implementation of the scheme.
    (iii) Under the programme, if an applicant is nor provided employment within 15 days he or she will be entitled to a daily unemployment allowance.
    (iv) Another scheme is the National Food for work programme (NFWP) which was launched in 2004, in 150 most backward districts of the country. The programme is open to all rural people who are in need of wage employment and desire to do manual unskilled work. Under this scheme, food grains are provided free of cost to the states.

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  3. (i) over a period of thirty years lasting up to the early eighties, there was little per capita income growth and not much reduction in poverty. (ii) Since the eighties, India's economic growth has been one of the fastest in the world. (iii) The growth rate jumped from an average of about 3.5 per ceRead more

    (i) over a period of thirty years lasting up to the early eighties, there was
    little per capita income growth and not much reduction in poverty.
    (ii) Since the eighties, India’s economic growth has been one of the fastest in the world.
    (iii) The growth rate jumped from an average of about 3.5 per cent a year in the 1970s to about 6 per cent.
    (iv) Higher growth rates have helped significantly in the reduction of poverty. So, there is a strong link between economic growth and poverty reduction.
    However, the poor may not be able to take direct advantage from the opportunities created by economic growth.

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  4. The main causes of widespread poverty are: (i) The low level of economic development under the British colonial administration was one of the main causes of poverty. The policies of the colonial government ruined traditional handicrafts and discouraged the development of industries like textiles. (iRead more

    The main causes of widespread poverty are:
    (i) The low level of economic development under the British colonial administration was one of the main causes of poverty. The policies of the colonial government ruined traditional handicrafts and discouraged the development of industries like textiles.
    (ii) High growth rate of population also contributed towards rise in poverty levels. It made the growth rate of per capita income very low.
    (iii) With the growth in irrigation and the Green Revolution, many job opportunities were created in the agricultural sector. But the effects were limited to some parts of India.
    (iv) Unable to find proper jobs in cities, many people started working as rickshaw pullers, vendors, construction workers, domestic servants, etc. with irregular and small income. These people lived in slums on the outskirts of the cities.

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  5. Although there has been a substantial reduction in global poverty, it is marked with great regional differences. (i) Poverty declined substantially in China and south-east Asian colonies as a result of rapid economic growth and massive investment in human resource development. (ii) In the south AsiaRead more

    Although there has been a substantial reduction in global poverty, it is marked with great regional differences.
    (i) Poverty declined substantially in China and south-east Asian colonies as a result of rapid economic growth and massive investment in human resource development.
    (ii) In the south Asian countries, the decline has not been as rapid. Despite decline in the percentage of poor, the number of poor has declined from 475 million in 1981 to 428 million in 2001.
    (iii) In Sub-Saharan Africa, poverty in fact rose from 41 per cent in 1981 to 46 per cent in 2001.
    (iv) In Latin America, the ratio of poverty remained the same.
    (v) Poverty has also resurfaced in some of the former socialist countries like Russia.

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