The term “Indus Valley Civilization” is considered outdated because it inaccurately suggests that the civilization was confined solely to the Indus River Valley, overlooking its broader geographical expanse. The civilization also included significant regions around the Sarasvatī River and other ...
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The Harappan script is considered to be undeciphered, which means that its symbols and characters have not yet been translated or fully understood by scholars. This script appears on various seals, pottery, and other artifacts, consisting of a combination of ...
The Great Bath found in Mohenjo-daro is significant as it exemplifies the advanced engineering and architectural skills of the Indus-Sarasvatī Civilization. Believed to be used for ritualistic bathing or public ceremonies, this large, watertight structure highlights the importance of water ...
A prominent feature of the Harappan civilization that reflects their concern for public health and hygiene is the advanced drainage system found in their cities. Streets were equipped with covered drains that efficiently removed waste and stormwater, preventing the accumulation ...
Pottery was a highly developed craft in the Indus-Sarasvatī Civilization, showcasing advanced techniques and artistic skills. The pottery produced included a variety of styles, with notable features such as intricate designs, geometric patterns, and vibrant colors, often painted with natural ...
Evidence suggesting that the Indus-Sarasvatī Civilization engaged in long-distance trade includes the discovery of seals inscribed with symbols and animals, which have been found in distant locations such as Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. Additionally, artifacts like pottery, gemstones, and ...
The region where the Indus-Sarasvatī Civilization flourished primarily spans parts of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. Major sites of this ancient civilization, such as Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, are located in present-day Pakistan, while regions of the Sarasvatī River basin extend ...
A significant climatic event believed to have contributed to the decline of the Indus-Sarasvatī Civilization is the aridification or climate change that occurred around 2000 BCE. This shift led to a reduction in monsoon rains, causing rivers like the Sarasvatī ...
The Harappans managed their water resources through sophisticated engineering and urban planning techniques. They constructed an extensive network of drainage systems, including covered drains along the streets, which efficiently carried wastewater away from homes and public areas. Additionally, they built ...
The primary material used in the construction of Harappan buildings was baked bricks. These bricks were made from clay, molded, and then fired in kilns to achieve durability and strength. The use of standardized baked bricks allowed for uniformity in ...