Brackish water resources provide an environment where seawater and fresh water mix, creating habitats that support diverse fish populations.

Canals, ponds, reservoirs, and rivers are examples of fresh water resources where fish production occurs.

Hormonal stimulation techniques allow fish farmers to induce controlled spawning in fish species, enabling them to produce fish seed on-demand and in desired quantities, thereby overcoming the challenges associated with irregular availability and mixed seed.

Ways have been developed to breed these fish species in ponds using hormonal stimulation, ensuring the consistent supply of pure fish seed in desired quantities.

Fish seed collected from the wild may not only be irregularly available but can also be mixed with seed from other species, leading to unpredictability and potentially compromising the genetic purity of the desired species.

Irregular availability of fish seed can disrupt production schedules and limit the ability of fish farmers to maintain consistent production levels.

Oysters are also cultivated for the pearls they produce, adding to their economic value beyond just being a food source.

The practice is called mariculture, where marine organisms are cultivated in controlled environments in seawater.

As marine fish stocks become further depleted, the demand for seafood continues to rise. Mariculture offers a sustainable solution to meet this demand by cultivating fish and other marine organisms in controlled environments, reducing pressure on wild fish populations.

Examples include finned fishes like mullets, bhetki, and pearl spots, as well as shellfish such as prawns, mussels, and oysters, along with seaweed.