1. (i) (a) Wide disparities in poverty are visible between rural and urban areas and among different states. (b) Certain social and economic groups are more vulnerable to poverty. (ii) Poverty reduction will make better progress in the next ten to fifteen years due to the following reasons: (a) HigherRead more

    (i) (a) Wide disparities in poverty are visible between rural and urban areas and among different states.
    (b) Certain social and economic groups are more vulnerable to poverty.
    (ii) Poverty reduction will make better progress in the next ten to fifteen years due to the following reasons:
    (a) Higher economic growth.
    (b) Increasing stress on universal free elementary education.
    (c) Declining population growth.
    (d) Increasing empowerment of the woman and the economically weaker sections of society.

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  2. (i) Meaning of vulnerability to poverty: It is a measure which describes the greater probability of certain communities like backward castes or individuals like a widow or physically handicapped person of becoming, or remaining, poor in the coming years. (ii) Determination of Vulnerability: It is deRead more

    (i) Meaning of vulnerability to poverty: It is a measure which describes the
    greater probability of certain communities like backward castes or individuals like a widow or physically handicapped person of becoming, or remaining, poor in the coming years.
    (ii) Determination of Vulnerability: It is determined by the options available to
    different communities for finding an alternative living in terms of assets, education, health and job opportunities.
    (iii) Basis of analysis : It is analysed on the basis of the greater risks these groups face at the time of natural or manmade disasters (earthquakes, tsunami and terrorism etc.). Additional analysis is made of their social and economic ability to handle these risks.

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  3. social exclusion is a process through which individuals or groups are excluded form facilities, benefits and opportunities that others enjoy. An example is the working the caste system in India in which people belonging to certain castes are excluded from equal opportunities Social exclusion thus maRead more

    social exclusion is a process through which individuals or groups are excluded form facilities, benefits and opportunities that others enjoy. An example is the working the caste system in India in which people belonging to certain castes are excluded from equal opportunities Social exclusion thus may lead to, but cause more damage than, having a very low, income.

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  4. social scientists look at poverty through a variety of indicators. usually the indicators used are levels of income and consumption-. But now poverty is looked through other social indicators like literacy level, lack of general resistance due to malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare of job oppRead more

    social scientists look at poverty through a variety of indicators. usually the indicators used are levels of income and consumption-. But now poverty is looked through other social indicators like literacy level, lack of general resistance due to malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare of job opportunities, lack of access to drinking water, sanitation

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  5. social scientists look at poverty through a variety of indicators. usually the indicators used are levels of income and consumption-. But now poverty is looked through other social indicators like literacy level, lack of general resistance due to malnutrition, Iack of access to healthcare of job oppRead more

    social scientists look at poverty through a variety of indicators. usually the indicators used are levels of income and consumption-. But now poverty is looked through other social indicators like literacy level, lack of general resistance due to malnutrition, Iack of access to healthcare of job opportunities, lack of access to drinking water, sanitation

    See less
    • 1