Even after end of sumptuary laws everyone in European societies could not dress in the same way because differences between the social status remained. The poor could not dress like the rich, nor eat the same food because they had no money. Differences in the earning decided what the rich and the poRead more
Even after end of sumptuary laws everyone in European societies could not dress in the same way because differences between the social status remained. The poor could not dress like the rich, nor eat the same food because they had no money. Differences in the earning decided what the rich and the poor could wear. This led to development of different cultures of dress by different classes. The notion of what was beautiful or ugly, proper or improper, decent or vulgar too differed in the society.
(a) The lady wore the sumptuous clothing, the elaborate headgear, and the lace edgings on the dress. She also had a corset inside the dress, which was meant to confine and shape her waist. The nobleman wore a long soldier's coat, knee breeches, silk stockings and high heeled shoes. Both had elaboratRead more
(a) The lady wore the sumptuous clothing, the elaborate headgear, and the lace edgings on the dress. She also had a corset inside the dress, which was meant to confine and shape her waist. The nobleman wore a long soldier’s coat, knee breeches, silk stockings and high heeled shoes. Both had elaborate wigs and, had their faces painted a delicate shade of pink, for the display of natural skin was considered unnatural.
(b) The dress code reflected that there was great disparity in society in France at the time of the Revolution. The sumptuary laws prevented unprivileged classes from wearing certain clothes, consuming certain foods and beverages.
The following changes in women's clothing came about as a result of two World Wars: (i) Many European women stopped wearing jewellery and luxurious clothes. (ii) Upper class women mixed with other classes. As a result of it, social barriers were eroded and women began to dress in similar ways. (iii)Read more
The following changes in women’s clothing came about as a result of two World Wars:
(i) Many European women stopped wearing jewellery and luxurious clothes.
(ii) Upper class women mixed with other classes. As a result of it, social barriers were eroded and women began to dress in similar ways.
(iii) During the war, women started working and by 1917, over 700,000 women in Britain were employed in ammunition factories. This necessitated a change in their dress because they had to wear a working uniform of blouse and trousers with accessories such as scarves. This was later on replaced by khaki overalls and caps.
(iv) Bright colours were discarded and sober colours were worn as the war continued. Thus, clothes became plainer and simpler.
(v) Skirts became shorter.
(vi) Trousers became a vital part of Western women’s clothing because it gave them greater freedom of movement.
(vii) Most important change was that women took to cutting their hair short for convenience.
(viii) By the twentieth century, a plain and austere style came to reflect seriousness and professionalism
(ix) New schools gave too much importance to plain dressing. Ornamentation was discouraged. This resulted in a plain and austere style of clothing for women
(x) Moreover, gymnastics and games were included in the school curriculum for women, Thus in sports, women had to wear clothes that gave them freedom of movement. When they went to work they needed comfortable and convenient clothes. All these factors led to changes in clothes of women.
(a) The traditional feminine clothes were criticised on the following grounds: (i) Long skirts swept the grounds and collected filth and dirt. This caused illness. (ii) The skirts were voluminous and difficult to handle. (iii) They hampered movement and prevented women from working and earning. (iv)Read more
(a) The traditional feminine clothes were criticised on the following grounds:
(i) Long skirts swept the grounds and collected filth and dirt. This caused illness.
(ii) The skirts were voluminous and difficult to handle.
(iii) They hampered movement and prevented women from working and earning.
(iv) It was stated that if clothes were comfortable and convenient, then women could work, earn their living, and become independent.
(b) In the 1870s, the National Women Suffrage Association headed by Mrs. Stanton, and the American Woman Suffrage Association dominated by Lucy Stone started the campaign for rational dress reform.
(c) Results: The reformers could not succeed immediately due to opposition from the conservatives who lamented that women who gave up traditional norms of dressing no longer looked beautiful, and lost their femininity and grace.
It is easy to say that people should have a positive attitude towards diversity and a willingness to accommodate ii but difficult to implement in practice. People who are the sufferers try to fight against injustice. Take any example of social divisions and the fact will be that those who are discriRead more
It is easy to say that people should have a positive attitude towards diversity and a willingness to accommodate ii but difficult to implement in practice. People who are the sufferers try to fight against injustice. Take any example of social divisions and the fact will be that those who are discriminated in the society or elsewhere have fought to get justice. In South Africa, Nelson Mandela and others fought against the white minority government. The disadvantaged or discriminated or poor people adopt democratic means as well as violent means against inequalities. Such people who-have struggled and suffered cannot adopt a positive
attitude unless their grievances are removed. However, democracy is the best way to fight for recognition and also to accommodate diversity because in democracy people can voice their demands in a peaceful and constitutional way. They can be in a better position by electing candidates of their choice in elections because such candidates will protect their interests.
(i) The assertion of social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger because in a democracy, political expression of social divisions is very normal and can be Healthy. This allows various disadvantaged and marginal social groups to express their grievances and get the governmRead more
(i) The assertion of social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger because in a democracy, political expression of social divisions is very normal and can be Healthy. This allows various disadvantaged and marginal social groups to express their grievances and get the government to attend to these.
(ii) Expression of various kinds of social divisions in politics often results in their cancelling one another out and thus reducing their intensity. This leads to strengthening of a democracy.
People should multiple identities because this helps them to stay together. For example in India, people think that-they are Indian as well as Tamilian, Punjabi or Haryanvi. In this way, their national identity l.e., Indian comes first and the other identity based on their state or language becomesRead more
People should multiple identities because this helps them to stay together. For
example in India, people think that-they are Indian as well as Tamilian, Punjabi or Haryanvi. In this way, their national identity l.e., Indian comes first and the other identity based on their state or language becomes complimentary to the first identity. This has been proved during the wars with Pakistan or disasters like Tsunami when people were united to face such crises.
Social divisions in a country are reflected in politics in the following ways: (i) Political parties make different promises to different communities at the time of election to get their votes. (ii) They look after their interest by supporting or introducing different types of resolutions in the legRead more
Social divisions in a country are reflected in politics in the following ways:
(i) Political parties make different promises to different communities at the time of election to get their votes.
(ii) They look after their interest by supporting or introducing different types of resolutions in the legislatures. For example, reservation of seats in the institutions of higher education in India is step in this direction to win over disadvantaged sections of society.
(iii) During elections, people vote on the basis of social divisions. They vote for the candidate of their own community in the hope that he will look after their interest in a better way than the candidate belonging to other community.
(iv) Political parties are formed on the basis of social divisions e.g., DMK, AIADMK, BSP in India.
It is correct to say that social divisions exist in the most of countries of the world It does not matter whether the country is small or big. The examples are as given below : (i) India is a vast country with many communities i.e Hindu, Muslim' Sikh' Christina and others. on the other hand BelgiumRead more
It is correct to say that social divisions exist in the most of countries of the world It does not matter whether the country is small or big. The examples are as given below :
(i) India is a vast country with many communities i.e Hindu, Muslim’ Sikh’ Christina and others. on the other hand Belgium is a small country with many communities i e ‘ French’ Dutch and German-speaking. Even those countries such as Germany and Sweden, where there were no significant ethnic differences, are undergoing rapid change with influx of people from other parts of the world. Migrants bring with them their own culture and form a different social community’ At present Indians too have settled in many countries such as Great Britain and USA
(ii) There are people of different castes in countries like India. Caste too leads to social divisions.
(iii) Society is divided on the basis of status i.e., rich, poor, literate “and illiterate’ For Example we find a wide gap between rich and the poor in India, particularly in rural areas.
(iv) There may be social divisions on the basis of culture too as in India.
The Catholics and Protestants have conflicts in Northern Ireland because here class and religion overlap with each other. Catholics are generally poor and are discriminated' on the other hand, in Netherlands, class and religion tend to cut across each other' Both Catholics and protestants are poor aRead more
The Catholics and Protestants have conflicts in Northern Ireland because here class and religion overlap with each other. Catholics are generally poor and are discriminated’ on the other hand, in Netherlands, class and religion tend to cut across each other’ Both Catholics and protestants are poor as well as rich. In Northern Ireland, overlapping social differences create conflicts while in Netherlands, cross-cutting social differences do not lead to conflicts’ It
is due to the fact that if social cross cut one another, it is difficult to pit one group of people against the other. In such situations, different groups share a common interest on one issue but are likely to be on different sides on a different issue as has happened in Netherlands’ In short overlapping social differences (in Northern Ireland) create conflicts and cross-cutting social differences (in Netherlands) are accommodated easily.
Even after the end of sumptuary laws why everyone in European societies could not dress in the same way?
Even after end of sumptuary laws everyone in European societies could not dress in the same way because differences between the social status remained. The poor could not dress like the rich, nor eat the same food because they had no money. Differences in the earning decided what the rich and the poRead more
Even after end of sumptuary laws everyone in European societies could not dress in the same way because differences between the social status remained. The poor could not dress like the rich, nor eat the same food because they had no money. Differences in the earning decided what the rich and the poor could wear. This led to development of different cultures of dress by different classes. The notion of what was beautiful or ugly, proper or improper, decent or vulgar too differed in the society.
See lessWhat was the dress of an aristocratic couple on the eve of the French Revolution? What did the dress code reflect about the French society?
(a) The lady wore the sumptuous clothing, the elaborate headgear, and the lace edgings on the dress. She also had a corset inside the dress, which was meant to confine and shape her waist. The nobleman wore a long soldier's coat, knee breeches, silk stockings and high heeled shoes. Both had elaboratRead more
(a) The lady wore the sumptuous clothing, the elaborate headgear, and the lace edgings on the dress. She also had a corset inside the dress, which was meant to confine and shape her waist. The nobleman wore a long soldier’s coat, knee breeches, silk stockings and high heeled shoes. Both had elaborate wigs and, had their faces painted a delicate shade of pink, for the display of natural skin was considered unnatural.
See less(b) The dress code reflected that there was great disparity in society in France at the time of the Revolution. The sumptuary laws prevented unprivileged classes from wearing certain clothes, consuming certain foods and beverages.
Describe what changes in women’s clothing came about as a result of two World Wars.
The following changes in women's clothing came about as a result of two World Wars: (i) Many European women stopped wearing jewellery and luxurious clothes. (ii) Upper class women mixed with other classes. As a result of it, social barriers were eroded and women began to dress in similar ways. (iii)Read more
The following changes in women’s clothing came about as a result of two World Wars:
See less(i) Many European women stopped wearing jewellery and luxurious clothes.
(ii) Upper class women mixed with other classes. As a result of it, social barriers were eroded and women began to dress in similar ways.
(iii) During the war, women started working and by 1917, over 700,000 women in Britain were employed in ammunition factories. This necessitated a change in their dress because they had to wear a working uniform of blouse and trousers with accessories such as scarves. This was later on replaced by khaki overalls and caps.
(iv) Bright colours were discarded and sober colours were worn as the war continued. Thus, clothes became plainer and simpler.
(v) Skirts became shorter.
(vi) Trousers became a vital part of Western women’s clothing because it gave them greater freedom of movement.
(vii) Most important change was that women took to cutting their hair short for convenience.
(viii) By the twentieth century, a plain and austere style came to reflect seriousness and professionalism
(ix) New schools gave too much importance to plain dressing. Ornamentation was discouraged. This resulted in a plain and austere style of clothing for women
(x) Moreover, gymnastics and games were included in the school curriculum for women, Thus in sports, women had to wear clothes that gave them freedom of movement. When they went to work they needed comfortable and convenient clothes. All these factors led to changes in clothes of women.
Why traditional feminine clothes were criticised in America by the white settlers and which movements were started? What were its results?
(a) The traditional feminine clothes were criticised on the following grounds: (i) Long skirts swept the grounds and collected filth and dirt. This caused illness. (ii) The skirts were voluminous and difficult to handle. (iii) They hampered movement and prevented women from working and earning. (iv)Read more
(a) The traditional feminine clothes were criticised on the following grounds:
See less(i) Long skirts swept the grounds and collected filth and dirt. This caused illness.
(ii) The skirts were voluminous and difficult to handle.
(iii) They hampered movement and prevented women from working and earning.
(iv) It was stated that if clothes were comfortable and convenient, then women could work, earn their living, and become independent.
(b) In the 1870s, the National Women Suffrage Association headed by Mrs. Stanton, and the American Woman Suffrage Association dominated by Lucy Stone started the campaign for rational dress reform.
(c) Results: The reformers could not succeed immediately due to opposition from the conservatives who lamented that women who gave up traditional norms of dressing no longer looked beautiful, and lost their femininity and grace.
What are the difficulties that come in the way of a positive attitude towards diversity and a willingness to accommodate it?
It is easy to say that people should have a positive attitude towards diversity and a willingness to accommodate ii but difficult to implement in practice. People who are the sufferers try to fight against injustice. Take any example of social divisions and the fact will be that those who are discriRead more
It is easy to say that people should have a positive attitude towards diversity and a willingness to accommodate ii but difficult to implement in practice. People who are the sufferers try to fight against injustice. Take any example of social divisions and the fact will be that those who are discriminated in the society or elsewhere have fought to get justice. In South Africa, Nelson Mandela and others fought against the white minority government. The disadvantaged or discriminated or poor people adopt democratic means as well as violent means against inequalities. Such people who-have struggled and suffered cannot adopt a positive
See lessattitude unless their grievances are removed. However, democracy is the best way to fight for recognition and also to accommodate diversity because in democracy people can voice their demands in a peaceful and constitutional way. They can be in a better position by electing candidates of their choice in elections because such candidates will protect their interests.
‘Democracy is the best way to fight for recognition and also to accommodate diversity., Support the above statement With any three arguments.
(i) The assertion of social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger because in a democracy, political expression of social divisions is very normal and can be Healthy. This allows various disadvantaged and marginal social groups to express their grievances and get the governmRead more
(i) The assertion of social diversities in a country need not be seen as a source of danger because in a democracy, political expression of social divisions is very normal and can be Healthy. This allows various disadvantaged and marginal social groups to express their grievances and get the government to attend to these.
See less(ii) Expression of various kinds of social divisions in politics often results in their cancelling one another out and thus reducing their intensity. This leads to strengthening of a democracy.
Why should people have multiple identities?
People should multiple identities because this helps them to stay together. For example in India, people think that-they are Indian as well as Tamilian, Punjabi or Haryanvi. In this way, their national identity l.e., Indian comes first and the other identity based on their state or language becomesRead more
People should multiple identities because this helps them to stay together. For
See lessexample in India, people think that-they are Indian as well as Tamilian, Punjabi or Haryanvi. In this way, their national identity l.e., Indian comes first and the other identity based on their state or language becomes complimentary to the first identity. This has been proved during the wars with Pakistan or disasters like Tsunami when people were united to face such crises.
Describe- the ways in which social divisions are reflected in politics of a country.
Social divisions in a country are reflected in politics in the following ways: (i) Political parties make different promises to different communities at the time of election to get their votes. (ii) They look after their interest by supporting or introducing different types of resolutions in the legRead more
Social divisions in a country are reflected in politics in the following ways:
See less(i) Political parties make different promises to different communities at the time of election to get their votes.
(ii) They look after their interest by supporting or introducing different types of resolutions in the legislatures. For example, reservation of seats in the institutions of higher education in India is step in this direction to win over disadvantaged sections of society.
(iii) During elections, people vote on the basis of social divisions. They vote for the candidate of their own community in the hope that he will look after their interest in a better way than the candidate belonging to other community.
(iv) Political parties are formed on the basis of social divisions e.g., DMK, AIADMK, BSP in India.
How far is it correct to say that social divisions exist only in big countries like India.
It is correct to say that social divisions exist in the most of countries of the world It does not matter whether the country is small or big. The examples are as given below : (i) India is a vast country with many communities i.e Hindu, Muslim' Sikh' Christina and others. on the other hand BelgiumRead more
It is correct to say that social divisions exist in the most of countries of the world It does not matter whether the country is small or big. The examples are as given below :
See less(i) India is a vast country with many communities i.e Hindu, Muslim’ Sikh’ Christina and others. on the other hand Belgium is a small country with many communities i e ‘ French’ Dutch and German-speaking. Even those countries such as Germany and Sweden, where there were no significant ethnic differences, are undergoing rapid change with influx of people from other parts of the world. Migrants bring with them their own culture and form a different social community’ At present Indians too have settled in many countries such as Great Britain and USA
(ii) There are people of different castes in countries like India. Caste too leads to social divisions.
(iii) Society is divided on the basis of status i.e., rich, poor, literate “and illiterate’ For Example we find a wide gap between rich and the poor in India, particularly in rural areas.
(iv) There may be social divisions on the basis of culture too as in India.
Why do the Catholics and. Protestants have conflicts in Northern Ireland but not in Netherlands?
The Catholics and Protestants have conflicts in Northern Ireland because here class and religion overlap with each other. Catholics are generally poor and are discriminated' on the other hand, in Netherlands, class and religion tend to cut across each other' Both Catholics and protestants are poor aRead more
The Catholics and Protestants have conflicts in Northern Ireland because here class and religion overlap with each other. Catholics are generally poor and are discriminated’ on the other hand, in Netherlands, class and religion tend to cut across each other’ Both Catholics and protestants are poor as well as rich. In Northern Ireland, overlapping social differences create conflicts while in Netherlands, cross-cutting social differences do not lead to conflicts’ It
See lessis due to the fact that if social cross cut one another, it is difficult to pit one group of people against the other. In such situations, different groups share a common interest on one issue but are likely to be on different sides on a different issue as has happened in Netherlands’ In short overlapping social differences (in Northern Ireland) create conflicts and cross-cutting social differences (in Netherlands) are accommodated easily.