1. Changing Voter Mindset: - Development Over Caste: Voters prioritize developmental issues like education, healthcare, and infrastructure over caste affiliations, showcasing a shift in mindset towards progress-oriented agendas. 2. Diverse Voter Preferences: - Multi-faceted Identities: Voters have dRead more
1. Changing Voter Mindset:
– Development Over Caste: Voters prioritize developmental issues like education, healthcare, and infrastructure over caste affiliations, showcasing a shift in mindset towards progress-oriented agendas.
2. Diverse Voter Preferences:
– Multi-faceted Identities: Voters have diverse identities beyond caste, considering factors such as candidate credibility, party ideologies, and governance performance while voting, showing that various aspects influence election results beyond caste considerations.
1. Lok Sabha (House of the People): - Women's Representation: Around 14% (78 out of 543 seats) of the Lok Sabha seats were held by women after the 2019 general elections. 2. Rajya Sabha (Council of States): - Women Members: Approximately 11% (around 27 out of 245 members) of the Rajya Sabha consisteRead more
1. Lok Sabha (House of the People):
– Women’s Representation: Around 14% (78 out of 543 seats) of the Lok Sabha seats were held by women after the 2019 general elections.
2. Rajya Sabha (Council of States):
– Women Members: Approximately 11% (around 27 out of 245 members) of the Rajya Sabha consisted of women members as of 2022.
Efforts to increase women’s representation in legislative bodies continue, yet the percentage of women remains relatively low in both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha compared to their male counterparts.
1. Preamble of the Constitution: - The Preamble of India's Constitution mentions "secular" as one of the fundamental principles, aiming for a society that respects all religions equally. 2. Article 25: Freedom of Religion: - Article 25 guarantees the freedom to practice, profess, and propagate any rRead more
1. Preamble of the Constitution:
– The Preamble of India’s Constitution mentions “secular” as one of the fundamental principles, aiming for a society that respects all religions equally.
2. Article 25: Freedom of Religion:
– Article 25 guarantees the freedom to practice, profess, and propagate any religion, ensuring that individuals have the right to follow their beliefs without discrimination.
In modern democracies, power sharing manifests through various forms: 1. Horizontal Division of Power: - Separation of Powers: For instance, in the United States, the executive (President), legislative (Congress), and judicial (Supreme Court) branches operate independently, ensuring a system of checRead more
In modern democracies, power sharing manifests through various forms:
1. Horizontal Division of Power:
– Separation of Powers: For instance, in the United States, the executive (President), legislative (Congress), and judicial (Supreme Court) branches operate independently, ensuring a system of checks and balances.
2. Vertical Division of Power:
– Federalism: Examples include India and the United States, where power is divided between the central government and states, allowing regional autonomy in specific areas.
3. Community-Based Power Sharing:
– Community Representation: Countries like Belgium ensure power sharing among linguistic or ethnic groups. Belgium’s parliament accommodates both Dutch-speaking Flemish and French-speaking Walloons.
4. Consociational Power Sharing:
– Consociational Democracy: Switzerland is an example, with multiple parties representing diverse linguistic and cultural groups, ensuring their representation and cooperation in government.
These power-sharing mechanisms facilitate broader participation, prevent the abuse of power, and accommodate diverse interests, ensuring stability and inclusivity in modern democratic governance.
Prudential Reason: - Maintaining Stability: Power sharing in India through federalism prevents conflicts among states. - Example: India's federal structure allocates powers between the central government and states, ensuring regional autonomy and preventing tensions. Moral Reason: - Upholding EqualiRead more
Prudential Reason:
– Maintaining Stability: Power sharing in India through federalism prevents conflicts among states.
– Example: India’s federal structure allocates powers between the central government and states, ensuring regional autonomy and preventing tensions.
Moral Reason:
– Upholding Equality: Power sharing ensures fair representation and opportunities.
– Example: India’s reservation system in government jobs and education for marginalized groups promotes social justice and equal opportunities for historically disadvantaged communities.
State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.
1. Changing Voter Mindset: - Development Over Caste: Voters prioritize developmental issues like education, healthcare, and infrastructure over caste affiliations, showcasing a shift in mindset towards progress-oriented agendas. 2. Diverse Voter Preferences: - Multi-faceted Identities: Voters have dRead more
1. Changing Voter Mindset:
– Development Over Caste: Voters prioritize developmental issues like education, healthcare, and infrastructure over caste affiliations, showcasing a shift in mindset towards progress-oriented agendas.
2. Diverse Voter Preferences:
See less– Multi-faceted Identities: Voters have diverse identities beyond caste, considering factors such as candidate credibility, party ideologies, and governance performance while voting, showing that various aspects influence election results beyond caste considerations.
What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?
1. Lok Sabha (House of the People): - Women's Representation: Around 14% (78 out of 543 seats) of the Lok Sabha seats were held by women after the 2019 general elections. 2. Rajya Sabha (Council of States): - Women Members: Approximately 11% (around 27 out of 245 members) of the Rajya Sabha consisteRead more
1. Lok Sabha (House of the People):
– Women’s Representation: Around 14% (78 out of 543 seats) of the Lok Sabha seats were held by women after the 2019 general elections.
2. Rajya Sabha (Council of States):
– Women Members: Approximately 11% (around 27 out of 245 members) of the Rajya Sabha consisted of women members as of 2022.
Efforts to increase women’s representation in legislative bodies continue, yet the percentage of women remains relatively low in both the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha compared to their male counterparts.
See lessMention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.
1. Preamble of the Constitution: - The Preamble of India's Constitution mentions "secular" as one of the fundamental principles, aiming for a society that respects all religions equally. 2. Article 25: Freedom of Religion: - Article 25 guarantees the freedom to practice, profess, and propagate any rRead more
1. Preamble of the Constitution:
– The Preamble of India’s Constitution mentions “secular” as one of the fundamental principles, aiming for a society that respects all religions equally.
2. Article 25: Freedom of Religion:
See less– Article 25 guarantees the freedom to practice, profess, and propagate any religion, ensuring that individuals have the right to follow their beliefs without discrimination.
What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.
In modern democracies, power sharing manifests through various forms: 1. Horizontal Division of Power: - Separation of Powers: For instance, in the United States, the executive (President), legislative (Congress), and judicial (Supreme Court) branches operate independently, ensuring a system of checRead more
In modern democracies, power sharing manifests through various forms:
1. Horizontal Division of Power:
– Separation of Powers: For instance, in the United States, the executive (President), legislative (Congress), and judicial (Supreme Court) branches operate independently, ensuring a system of checks and balances.
2. Vertical Division of Power:
– Federalism: Examples include India and the United States, where power is divided between the central government and states, allowing regional autonomy in specific areas.
3. Community-Based Power Sharing:
– Community Representation: Countries like Belgium ensure power sharing among linguistic or ethnic groups. Belgium’s parliament accommodates both Dutch-speaking Flemish and French-speaking Walloons.
4. Consociational Power Sharing:
– Consociational Democracy: Switzerland is an example, with multiple parties representing diverse linguistic and cultural groups, ensuring their representation and cooperation in government.
These power-sharing mechanisms facilitate broader participation, prevent the abuse of power, and accommodate diverse interests, ensuring stability and inclusivity in modern democratic governance.
See lessState one prudential reason and one moral reason for power sharing with an example from the Indian context.
Prudential Reason: - Maintaining Stability: Power sharing in India through federalism prevents conflicts among states. - Example: India's federal structure allocates powers between the central government and states, ensuring regional autonomy and preventing tensions. Moral Reason: - Upholding EqualiRead more
Prudential Reason:
– Maintaining Stability: Power sharing in India through federalism prevents conflicts among states.
– Example: India’s federal structure allocates powers between the central government and states, ensuring regional autonomy and preventing tensions.
Moral Reason:
See less– Upholding Equality: Power sharing ensures fair representation and opportunities.
– Example: India’s reservation system in government jobs and education for marginalized groups promotes social justice and equal opportunities for historically disadvantaged communities.