Muhammad Ghori granted the first Iqta in India to his loyal slave-general Qutbuddin Aibak. This grant allowed Aibak to collect revenue from assigned territories in return for military service. The Iqta system became the foundation of Sultanate administration and helped ...
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Zafar Khan was one of Alauddin Khalji’s most courageous generals, known for his aggressive tactics against Mongol invasions. He died heroically in the Battle of Kili (1299), where he attacked the Mongol forces without waiting for royal orders. His bravery ...
Taxes directly levied on agricultural produce included Kharaj, Umar Muktai and Muktai. Kharaj was the primary land tax imposed on non-Muslims. Umar Muktai and Muktai were additional forms of agrarian taxation. Khums, however, was a religious tax on war booty, ...
Qutbuddin Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate, initially made Lahore his capital. Although he controlled Delhi as well, Lahore served as his administrative centre due to its strategic importance and existing Ghurid base. After Aibak’s death, his successors gradually ...
Qutbuddin Aibak, the founder of the Delhi Sultanate, initially made Lahore his capital. Although he controlled Delhi as well, Lahore served as his administrative centre due to its strategic importance and existing Ghurid base. After Aibak’s death, his successors gradually ...