(i) Surontiko Samin of a teak forest village began questioning state ownership of forests. (ii) He argued that the state had not created the wind, water, Earth and wood, so it could not own it. (iii) Soon, he organised a widespread movement with the support of his sons-in-law and other families in hRead more
(i) Surontiko Samin of a teak forest village began questioning state ownership of forests.
(ii) He argued that the state had not created the wind, water, Earth and wood, so it could not own it.
(iii) Soon, he organised a widespread movement with the support of his sons-in-law and other families in his village.
Some Saminists protested by lying down on their land when the Dutch came to survey it, while others refused to pay taxes or fines or perform labour.
(i) The Dutch first imposed rents on land being cultivated in the forest and then exempted some villages from paying these rents, if they provided free labour and buffaloes for cutting and transporting timber. (ii) This system was known as Blandongdiensten system. (iii) Later, instead of rent exemptRead more
(i) The Dutch first imposed rents on land being cultivated in the forest and then exempted some villages from paying these rents, if they provided free labour and buffaloes for cutting and transporting timber.
(ii) This system was known as Blandongdiensten system.
(iii) Later, instead of rent exemption forest villagers were given small wages, but their right to cultivate forest land Was restricted.
(i) The Dutch enacted forest laws in Java to restrict villagers' access to forests. (ii) Now wood cutting was done only for specific purposes like making boats, constructing houses under close supervision, etc. (iii) Villagers were punished for grazing cattle, transporting wood without a. permit orRead more
(i) The Dutch enacted forest laws in Java to restrict villagers’ access to forests.
(ii) Now wood cutting was done only for specific purposes like making boats, constructing houses under close supervision, etc.
(iii) Villagers were punished for grazing cattle, transporting wood without a. permit or travelling through forests with horse carts or cattle.
(i) The Kalangs ofJava were skilled forest cutters and they practised shifting cultivation. (ii) They were so valuable that when the kingdom of Java split, the Kalang families were equally divided between two kingdoms. (iii) Without them, it was difficult to harvest teak and build kings' palaces. (iRead more
(i) The Kalangs ofJava were skilled forest cutters and they practised shifting cultivation.
(ii) They were so valuable that when the kingdom of Java split, the Kalang families were equally divided between two kingdoms.
(iii) Without them, it was difficult to harvest teak and build kings’ palaces.
(iv) The Dutch tried to make the Kalangs work under them.
(v) In 1770, the Kalangs resisted by attacking a Dutch fort but they were suppressed.
Ans. (i) The British sent troops to suppress the rebellion. (ii) The adivasi leaders tried to negotiate but the British surrounded their camps and fired on them. (iii) Then they marched through the villages flogging and punishing those who had taken part in the rebellion. (iv) Most villages were desRead more
Ans. (i) The British sent troops to suppress the rebellion.
(ii) The adivasi leaders tried to negotiate but the British surrounded their camps and fired on them.
(iii) Then they marched through the villages flogging and punishing those who had taken part in the rebellion.
(iv) Most villages were deserted as people fled into the jungle out of fear.
(v) The British could regain control over Bastar people in three months.
What do you know about Samin’s challenqe?
(i) Surontiko Samin of a teak forest village began questioning state ownership of forests. (ii) He argued that the state had not created the wind, water, Earth and wood, so it could not own it. (iii) Soon, he organised a widespread movement with the support of his sons-in-law and other families in hRead more
(i) Surontiko Samin of a teak forest village began questioning state ownership of forests.
See less(ii) He argued that the state had not created the wind, water, Earth and wood, so it could not own it.
(iii) Soon, he organised a widespread movement with the support of his sons-in-law and other families in his village.
Some Saminists protested by lying down on their land when the Dutch came to survey it, while others refused to pay taxes or fines or perform labour.
What was the Blandongdiensten system?
(i) The Dutch first imposed rents on land being cultivated in the forest and then exempted some villages from paying these rents, if they provided free labour and buffaloes for cutting and transporting timber. (ii) This system was known as Blandongdiensten system. (iii) Later, instead of rent exemptRead more
(i) The Dutch first imposed rents on land being cultivated in the forest and then exempted some villages from paying these rents, if they provided free labour and buffaloes for cutting and transporting timber.
See less(ii) This system was known as Blandongdiensten system.
(iii) Later, instead of rent exemption forest villagers were given small wages, but their right to cultivate forest land Was restricted.
How were forest laws enacted in Java?
(i) The Dutch enacted forest laws in Java to restrict villagers' access to forests. (ii) Now wood cutting was done only for specific purposes like making boats, constructing houses under close supervision, etc. (iii) Villagers were punished for grazing cattle, transporting wood without a. permit orRead more
(i) The Dutch enacted forest laws in Java to restrict villagers’ access to forests.
See less(ii) Now wood cutting was done only for specific purposes like making boats, constructing houses under close supervision, etc.
(iii) Villagers were punished for grazing cattle, transporting wood without a. permit or travelling through forests with horse carts or cattle.
Give a brief description about the woodcutter community of Java-the Kalangs.
(i) The Kalangs ofJava were skilled forest cutters and they practised shifting cultivation. (ii) They were so valuable that when the kingdom of Java split, the Kalang families were equally divided between two kingdoms. (iii) Without them, it was difficult to harvest teak and build kings' palaces. (iRead more
(i) The Kalangs ofJava were skilled forest cutters and they practised shifting cultivation.
See less(ii) They were so valuable that when the kingdom of Java split, the Kalang families were equally divided between two kingdoms.
(iii) Without them, it was difficult to harvest teak and build kings’ palaces.
(iv) The Dutch tried to make the Kalangs work under them.
(v) In 1770, the Kalangs resisted by attacking a Dutch fort but they were suppressed.
How did the British suppress the revolt of Bastar?
Ans. (i) The British sent troops to suppress the rebellion. (ii) The adivasi leaders tried to negotiate but the British surrounded their camps and fired on them. (iii) Then they marched through the villages flogging and punishing those who had taken part in the rebellion. (iv) Most villages were desRead more
Ans. (i) The British sent troops to suppress the rebellion.
See less(ii) The adivasi leaders tried to negotiate but the British surrounded their camps and fired on them.
(iii) Then they marched through the villages flogging and punishing those who had taken part in the rebellion.
(iv) Most villages were deserted as people fled into the jungle out of fear.
(v) The British could regain control over Bastar people in three months.