(i) Many communities left their traditional occupations and started trading in forest products. (ii) This happened not only in India but across the world. For example, with the growing demand for rubber in the mid-19th century, the Mundurucu people of Brazilian Amazon who lived in villages on high gRead more
(i) Many communities left their traditional occupations and started trading in forest products.
(ii) This happened not only in India but across the world. For example, with
the growing demand for rubber in the mid-19th century, the Mundurucu people of Brazilian Amazon who lived in villages on high ground, began to collect latex from wild rubber trees for supplying to traders.
(iii) Gradually, they descended to live in trading ports and became completely dependent on traders.
(i) The new forest laws changed the lives of forest dwellers in yet another way. (ii) Before the forest laws, many people who lived in or near forests had survived by hunting deer, partridges and a variety of small animals. (iii) This customary practice was prohibited by the forest laws. Those who wRead more
(i) The new forest laws changed the lives of forest dwellers in yet another way.
(ii) Before the forest laws, many people who lived in or near forests had survived by hunting deer, partridges and a variety of small animals.
(iii) This customary practice was prohibited by the forest laws. Those who were caught hunting were now punished for poaching
(i) British needed forests in order to build ships and railways. (ii) They were worried that the use of forests by local people and the reckless felling of trees by traders would destroy forests. (iii) So, they decided to invite a German expert, Dietrich Brandis, for advice and made him the first InRead more
(i) British needed forests in order to build ships and railways.
(ii) They were worried that the use of forests by local people and the reckless felling of trees by traders would destroy forests.
(iii) So, they decided to invite a German expert, Dietrich Brandis, for advice and made him the first Inspector General of Forests in India.
(i) As early as the 1850s, in the Madras Presidency alone 35,000 trees were being cut annually for sleepers. (ii) The government gave out contracts to individuals to supply, the required quantities. (iii) These contractors began cutting trees indiscriminately. Forests around the railway tracks startRead more
(i) As early as the 1850s, in the Madras Presidency alone 35,000 trees were being cut annually for sleepers.
(ii) The government gave out contracts to individuals to supply, the required quantities.
(iii) These contractors began cutting trees indiscriminately. Forests around the railway tracks started disappearing fast.
(i) In India, the forest department cut trees freely to meet British war needs. (ii) In Java, before the Japanese occupied the region, the Dutch followed 'a scorched Earth policy', by destroying sawmills and burning huge piles of teaks logs, so that it would not fall into the hands of Japanese. (iiiRead more
(i) In India, the forest department cut trees freely to meet British war needs.
(ii) In Java, before the Japanese occupied the region, the Dutch followed ‘a scorched Earth policy’, by destroying sawmills and burning huge piles of teaks logs, so that it would not fall into the hands of Japanese.
(iii) The Japanese also exploited the forests recklessly for their own war’ industries and forced villagers to cut down forests.
How were people benefitted with the trade in forest products?
(i) Many communities left their traditional occupations and started trading in forest products. (ii) This happened not only in India but across the world. For example, with the growing demand for rubber in the mid-19th century, the Mundurucu people of Brazilian Amazon who lived in villages on high gRead more
(i) Many communities left their traditional occupations and started trading in forest products.
See less(ii) This happened not only in India but across the world. For example, with
the growing demand for rubber in the mid-19th century, the Mundurucu people of Brazilian Amazon who lived in villages on high ground, began to collect latex from wild rubber trees for supplying to traders.
(iii) Gradually, they descended to live in trading ports and became completely dependent on traders.
How forest dwellers’ lives changed after new forest laws were imposed?
(i) The new forest laws changed the lives of forest dwellers in yet another way. (ii) Before the forest laws, many people who lived in or near forests had survived by hunting deer, partridges and a variety of small animals. (iii) This customary practice was prohibited by the forest laws. Those who wRead more
(i) The new forest laws changed the lives of forest dwellers in yet another way.
See less(ii) Before the forest laws, many people who lived in or near forests had survived by hunting deer, partridges and a variety of small animals.
(iii) This customary practice was prohibited by the forest laws. Those who were caught hunting were now punished for poaching
Why did the British appoint the first Inspector General of Forests in India?
(i) British needed forests in order to build ships and railways. (ii) They were worried that the use of forests by local people and the reckless felling of trees by traders would destroy forests. (iii) So, they decided to invite a German expert, Dietrich Brandis, for advice and made him the first InRead more
(i) British needed forests in order to build ships and railways.
See less(ii) They were worried that the use of forests by local people and the reckless felling of trees by traders would destroy forests.
(iii) So, they decided to invite a German expert, Dietrich Brandis, for advice and made him the first Inspector General of Forests in India.
What was the effect of laying down of railway lines on forests?
(i) As early as the 1850s, in the Madras Presidency alone 35,000 trees were being cut annually for sleepers. (ii) The government gave out contracts to individuals to supply, the required quantities. (iii) These contractors began cutting trees indiscriminately. Forests around the railway tracks startRead more
(i) As early as the 1850s, in the Madras Presidency alone 35,000 trees were being cut annually for sleepers.
See less(ii) The government gave out contracts to individuals to supply, the required quantities.
(iii) These contractors began cutting trees indiscriminately. Forests around the railway tracks started disappearing fast.
What was the impact of World Wars on the forests?
(i) In India, the forest department cut trees freely to meet British war needs. (ii) In Java, before the Japanese occupied the region, the Dutch followed 'a scorched Earth policy', by destroying sawmills and burning huge piles of teaks logs, so that it would not fall into the hands of Japanese. (iiiRead more
(i) In India, the forest department cut trees freely to meet British war needs.
See less(ii) In Java, before the Japanese occupied the region, the Dutch followed ‘a scorched Earth policy’, by destroying sawmills and burning huge piles of teaks logs, so that it would not fall into the hands of Japanese.
(iii) The Japanese also exploited the forests recklessly for their own war’ industries and forced villagers to cut down forests.